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vocabulary
DNA
RNA
Cell
random
100
What is a gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product.
100
Where is DNA located
inside of the cells nucleus
100
Where is RNA located
The most common locations are in the cell nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes.
100
What is the main part of the cell
The nucleus
100
How many chromosomes do we have
We have 23
200
What is a chromosome
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
200
How do cells make accurate copies of DNA
The two strands are separated. New bases are paired with the bases in each old strand, lining up along the old strand. The new bases are hooked together to form a new strand. This process is shown schematically. Thus, one DNA double helix becomes two
200
What kind of sugar does RNA contain
Ribose
200
How does one cell divide into two cells?
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle.
300
What is transcription
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA
300
What is a codon
A codon is three consecutive bases in a gene. Each codon codes for one amino acid in a protein.
300
How many strands make up RNA
1 makes up RNA
300
What is a cell
the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane
400
What is a ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine found within all living cells
400
How many strands make up a DNA double helix
There are 2 strands
400
What does mRNA do
it passes through the nuclear pores and goes to the ribosomes to give the codes to make proteins
400
Do all cells look the same
The answer in no
400
What are cellular components and where are they located
membranes, organelles, proteins, and nucleic acids
500
What is translation
translation is the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA)—produced by transcription from DNA—is decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain
500
What is a strand of DNA
A long chain of "chain links", called "bases" or "nucleotides", held together by strong chemical bonds.
500
What is guanine paired with in RNA
Cytosine
500
What are essential components in a cell
All the parts inside of the cell
500
What are the functions of the different cellular components
1. Nucleus 2. Membrane bound organelles 3. DNA (hereditary material)