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Stimuli & Responses
Classical Vs Operant
People
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100
In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the meat served as this.
What is the US or Unconditioned Stimulus?
100
In order to be able to punish my cat even when I'm not near enough to reach him, I have paired the sound of a clicker with getting squirted with water. Now the sound of the clicker causes him to startle.
What is Classical Conditioning? The click is developing the same aversive properties as the water through Classical Conditioning. The Unconditioned stimulus is the water; the Unconditioned response is the "jump" as in startle. The click starts our as a neutral stimulus, but becomes the Conditioned stimulus capable of producing the Conditioned "jump" response.
100
He accidentally discovered Classical Conditioning.
Who is Pavlov?
100

A teenage boy starts to study more often after receiving his first A in a difficult class. Is this an example of operant or classical conditioning?

What is Operant conditioning

200
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the CS?
What is the cat?
200
In a weight management class, participants earn points for every healthy meal they eat and every period of exercise they complete. Later these points result in refunds of their class fees.
What is Operant Conditioning? The behaviors being conditioned here are healthy eating and regular exercise. The reinforcement is the refund of the fees. So this too is Operant conditioning. The points are a version of a token system since they are exchanged for the refunds later.
200
My "box" is well known in the world of psychology, but the rats don't like it very much.
Who is Skinner?
200

How does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning in terms of the way in which the conditioning arises?

What is Classical conditioning results from the pairing of two stimuli (UCS and CS) whereas the operant conditioning results when a response is followed by a reinforcer.

300
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the US?
What is your mother's behavior?
300
After the bad car accident we had last year, I cringe and break into a sweat at the sound of squealing brakes.
What is Classical Conditioning? This is Classical conditioning. The cringing, which is an unconditioned response to pain or fear, was produced by the accident and its accompanying pain. That accident was probably preceded by the sound of squealing brakes, which became a conditioned stimulus for the conditioned response of cringing.
300
I am a behaviorist who studied classical conditioning and children. I am often seen as controversial.
Who is Watson?
300

Identify UCS, UCR, CS and CR: The smell of pastries from your local bakery makes you hungry. Soon every time you see a bakery, you feel hungry.

What is UCS: smell of pastries UCR: feeling hungry CS: sight of bakery CR: feeling hungry

400
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the CR?
What is your fear today?
400
When I first start teaching about a concept, I'll praise any answer that is close to the right answer.
What is Operant Conditioning? This describes the process of shaping the operant behavior of answering questions. In shaping you start by reinforcing anything that is close to the final response. Then you gradually require closer and closer approximations before giving a reinforcer. So this is an example of Operant conditioning.
400
Pavlov spent much of his time studying us, he made our mouths water.
Who are Pavlov's Dogs?
400

How is the concept of contingency different from contiguity?

What is Contingency: one event happens only after another event has already occurred (second event is dependent upon occurrence of the first) Contiguity: occurrence of two or more events at the same time

500
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the UR?
What is your crying?
500
My cat never gets on the furniture when I am around.
What is Operant Conditioning? The behavior being described here is probably the result of Operant conditioning. When I am around, the cat is probably punished for getting on the furniture. He has formed a discrimination between when I'm around and when I'm not and might be getting on the furniture when I'm not around.
500
I fear soft, white things, thanks to the fact that I was classically conditioned with a rat and loud noises by Watson.
Who is Little Albert?
500

What considerations must you take into an account regarding your influence on students' behavior?

What is being aware of behaviors you are reinforcing so that you increase the occurrence of positive behaviors and being careful not to encourage behaviors that you wish to eliminate.