History
Greek philosopher who grouped plants and animals according to their similarities over 2,000 years ago.
Who was Aristotle?
The science of naming and classifying organisms
What is taxonomy?
An organism's evolutionary history.
What is phylogeny?
With respect to two different groups, a character (trait) is defined as this if it evolved in a common ancestor of both groups.
What is an ancestral character?
The number of levels in the modern classification system?
What is eight?
System of naming things used by biologists until the mid-1700's that named a particular organism by adding descriptive phrases to the name of the genus, sometimes consisting of 12 or more Latin names.
What was the polynomial system?
Levels of classification of organisms from largest to smallest (most general to most specific)
What is: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Name of the three domains.
What is Archea, Eubacteria, and Eukarya?
Similarities that arise through convergent evolution.
What are analogous characters?
The language used in classification of organisms.
What is Latin?
Swedish biologist who developed the modern system of classification of organisms.
Who was Carolus Linnaeus?
A group of natural populations that are interbreeding or that could interbred, and that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
What is a biological species?
Similarities that evolve in organisms not closely related to one another, but that live in similar habitats.
What is convergent evolution?
Type of branching diagram used in evolutionary systematics
What is a phylogenetic tree?
Which statement describes a main characteristic that separates members of the domain Eukarya from the domains of Bacteria and Archaea?
What is Eukarya have cells that contain a nucleus?
The two-word system for naming organisms developed by Linnaeus.
What is binomial nomenclature?
The biological species concept fails to describe species that reproduce in this way
What is reproduce asexually?
Which kingdom includes organisms that can survive by photosynthesis in the presence of light or by consuming organic material in dark conditions?
What is Protista?
When comparing two different groups of organisms, this type of character (trait) evolved in the ancestor of one group, but not the other
What is a derived character?
Scientific name of the mountain lion
What is Felis concolor?
The correct way to write a scientific name (4 basic rules)
What is: 1. Write genus name first (capitalized) 2. Write species name second (lower case) 3. Name is italicized (if typed) or underlined if handwritten. 4. After the first use of the full scientific name, the genus name can be abbreviated by the first letter followed by the species name; example: Quercus rubra = Q. rubra
A method of analysis that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on shared characters. This method can be used to hypothesize the sequence in which different groups of organisms evolved.
What is cladistics?
When comparing organisms by looking at how each is classified, doing this will tell you which ones are more closely related.
What is counting how many levels of classification the organisms share? (The more levels they share, the more closely related they are)
A branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
What is a cladogram?
A group of scientists discovered a new organism with the following characteristics:
• Eukaryotic
• Nonvascular
• Reproduces by spores
• Heterotrophic
• Cell walls contain chitin
Based on these characteristics, this new organism should be classified in what kingdom?
What is Fungi?