Prokaryotic Cells
What does the term "prokaryote" mean?
Before nucleus
What does the term "eukaryote" mean?
True nucleus
Are viruses classified as living or non-living?
Non-living.
What organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"?
Mitochondria
What process allows bacteria to break down dead organisms?
Decomposition
Name the two domains of prokaryotic organisms.
Bacteria and Archaea.
Name two membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi body, or ER.
What two main components make up a virus?
Genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat (capsid).
2 organisms in the same class are more or less related than 2 organisms in the same order?
Less related. Order is more specific than class.
How do bacteria help plants obtain nitrogen?
Nitrogen fixation
What are the two methods of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes?
Binary fission and budding.
What are the four groups of eukaryotic organisms?
Protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
What cycle causes immediate destruction of the host cell in viruses?
The lytic cycle.
How do prokaryotes increase genetic diversity if they reproduce asexually?
Through mutations and gene transfer (such as conjugation).
Name a food product that bacteria help create
Yogurt, cheese, or other fermented foods
What shape are spirilla bacteria?
Spiral-shaped.
How does the shape of eukaryotic DNA differ from prokaryotic DNA?
Eukaryotic DNA is linear, while prokaryotic DNA is circular.
How do bacteria reproduce asexually?
Binary fission.
What is a prokaryotic organism that has peptidoglycan in the cell wall?
Eubacteria
What is one way bacteria help clean up environmental pollution?
Bioremediation (e.g., breaking down oil spills).
What are some examples of the extreme environments we find Archaea?
Hot springs, thermal vents, acidic or salty
What process do eukaryotic cells use for reproduction?
Mitosis (for growth and repair) and meiosis (for reproduction).
What key experiment helped establish the Germ Theory of Disease?
Koch’s Postulates.
What kingdom is a eukaryotic organism that can exhibit both autotrophic or heterotrophic metabolism and an example is euglena or algae
Protist
Why is antibiotic resistance a growing concern?
Can allow bacteria to evolve resistance, making infections harder to treat.