Classifying Rocks
_________________ are scientists that study rocks.
Geologists
__________ rock is any rock that forms from volcanic activity.
Igneous
__________ rocks are rocks that form from sediments, small pieces of material that come from rocks or living things.
Sedimentary
_____________ rocks are rocks that change from one form to another.
Metamorphic
The __________ ____________ is a series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust- and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another.
rock cycle
What type of rock is obsidian?
Igneous Rock
(Extrusive Igneous Rock)
The two types of Igneous rocks are ____________ and _____________.
Intrusive; Extrusive
What are the little pieces of rock that make up a sedimentary rock?
Sediments
Metamorphic rocks are rocks formed from ___________ and ___________.
heat and pressure
___________ is the process that changes magma/lava into Igneous rock.
Crystallization or Solidification
What is the difference between lava and magma?
Their location. Magma is under the Earth's crust and lava is above the Earth's crust.
Extrusive rock is Igneous rock formed from lava that erupted _____________ Earth’s surface.
above
What is the layering of sediments on top of each other called?
Deposition
Where are most metamorphic rocks formed?
Under the Earth's crust
__________ and ___________ is the process that changes Igneous or Sedimentary rocks into Metamorphic rocks.
heat and pressure
What does cooling time affect during the formation of an igneous rock?
The size of its crystals.
Slower Cooling Time = Bigger Crystals
Quicker Cooling Time = Smaller Crystals
Igneous rock that formed when magma hardened _______ Earth’s Crust is called an intrusive igneous rock.
under
_____________ is the process of breaking rocks down into sediments.
weathering
What are metamorphic rocks easily identified by?
Wavy layers of mineral crystals
Describe how a metamorphic rock become an igneous rock. Include where the rock would form.
A metamorphic rock would become an igneous rock if it were to melt under the Earth's crust which would turn it into magma. The when the magma cools it would become an igneous rock.
What is an example of an intrusive igneous rock?
Granite
What are the differences between an extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?
Extrusive igneous rocks are formed on top of the Earth's crust from lava cooling. Extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly which causes them to have smaller crystals.
Intrusive igneous rocks are formed on under the Earth's crust from magma cooling. Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly which causes them to have bigger crystals.
What are all the steps that a rock must go through to form a sedimentary rock in order? (Hint: There are six steps)
Weathering, sediments, erosion, deposition, compaction, and finally cementation.
___________ rocks, _____________ rocks, and other ___________ rocks can be changed into Metamorphic rocks.
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
Describe how an igneous rock would become a metamorphic rock. Include where this new rock would form.
An igneous rock would get buried in the Earth's crust. The weight of the crust would cause the rock to go through extreme pressure and being closer to the mantle would cause the rock to experience extreme heat. The extreme heat and pressure would cause the igneous rock to turn into a metamorphic rock.