CLASSWORK - Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption
Absorption: The process by which nutrients from food are taken into the bloodstream and used by cells.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants: Substances, such as vitamins and minerals, that help protect body cells from damage caused by harmful chemicals called free radicals.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis: A condition where fats, cholesterol, and other minerals build up on the inner walls of the arteries, potentially leading to heart disease.
Bland Diet
Bland Diet: A diet consisting of mild-flavored, soft-textured foods that are easy to digest and non-irritating to the digestive tract.
Bulimarexia
Bulimarexia: A psychological eating disorder where a person alternately binges (eats large amounts) and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to purge.
Bulimia
Bulimia: Also known as bulimia nervosa, an eating disorder involving episodes of binging followed by compensatory behaviors like purging.
Calorie
Calorie: A unit of energy used to measure the amount of heat or energy produced by food when it is metabolized.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates: A group of organic compounds (sugars, starches, and fiber) that serve as the body's primary source of energy.
Cellulose
Cellulose: A fibrous form of carbohydrate that is indigestible to humans and provides bulk (fiber) in the diet.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol: A waxy, fat-like substance found in all body cells and animal products; it is used to make hormones and vitamin D but can be harmful in excess.
Digestion
Digestion: The physical and chemical process of breaking down food into smaller nutrients that the body can absorb.
Fats
Fats: Also known as lipids, these provide the most concentrated form of energy and help the body absorb certain vitamins.
Hypertension
Hypertension: A condition characterized by abnormally high blood pressure, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Lipids
Lipids: A broad group of organic compounds, including fats and oils, that are not soluble in water.
Liquid Diets
Liquid Diets: Diets consisting only of liquids or foods that turn into liquid at room temperature, often used before or after medical procedures.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition: A state resulting from an inadequate or unbalanced intake of nutrients, which can lead to various health problems.
Metabolism
Metabolism: The sum of all chemical processes in the body that convert food and drink into energy.
Minerals
Minerals: Inorganic elements required by the body for various functions, such as forming bones, teeth, and blood.
Nutrition
Nutrition: The study of how the body takes in and uses food and other nourishing materials for growth, health, and energy.
Obesity
Obesity: A condition of having excess body fat, often defined as being significantly over the recommended weight for a person's height.
Overweight
Overweight: Having a body weight that is 10 to 20 percent greater than the recommended weight for a person's height.
Peristalsis
Peristalsis: The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Proteins
Proteins: Essential nutrients made of amino acids used for the growth and repair of body tissues.
Underweight
Underweight: Having a body weight below the healthy range for a person's height.
Vitamins
Vitamins: Organic compounds needed in small amounts to support various vital bodily functions.