CLASSWORK - Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption
The process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up digested nutrients to deliver them to the body's cells.
Antioxidants
Organic molecules, such as vitamins A, C, and E, that protect body cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Calorie
A unit of measurement used to express the energy value of food.
calorie-controlled diets
Meal plans designed to limit or increase caloric intake to help an individual lose or gain weight.
Carbohydrates
The body's major source of readily usable energy, commonly found in starches and sugars.
anorexia nervosa
psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Atherosclerosis
A condition where arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances like cholesterol on their inner surfaces.
Cellulose
An indigestible form of plant carbohydrate that provides bulk in the digestive tract for regular bowel movements.
Cholesterol
A sterol lipid found in animal products and synthesized by the liver, used for hormone and cell membrane production.
diabetes mellitus
A metabolic disease caused by insufficient insulin secretion or use, leading to high blood glucose levels
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue without doing any voluntary work.
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue without doing any voluntary work.
diabetic diet
A therapeutic diet that regulates carbohydrate intake to maintain stable blood sugar levels for individuals with diabetes.
Digestion
The process of breaking food down into smaller parts through mechanical action like chewing and chemical action from enzymes.
essential nutrients
Chemical elements found in food that are required by the body to perform various vital functions.
bland diet.
A dietary plan consisting of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract, often used for ulcers or colitis.
body mass index (BMI)
A calculation used to determine whether an individual’s weight is healthy relative to their height.
fat-restricted diets
Diets that limit the intake of fats to manage conditions like gallbladder disease or liver disorders.
Fats
A concentrated form of energy that provides insulation, cushions organs, and aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
fiber diets
Diets high in cellulose and other plant materials used to stimulate the digestive tract and manage cholesterol levels.
Bulimarexia
An eating disorder in which an individual cycles between binge eating, purging, and self-starvation.
Bulimia
A psychological disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by purging through self-induced vomiting or laxative use.
Hypertension
A medical condition involving chronically high blood pressure, often linked to excess salt or fat in the diet.
Lipids
Organic compounds including fats and oils that provide energy, aid in vitamin absorption, and add flavor to food.
liquid diets
Diets consisting entirely of foods that are liquid at room temperature, typically used post-surgery or for acute infections.