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Appendicular Skeleton
The division of the skeleton that includes the bones of the limbs (arms and legs) and the girdles (pectoral and pelvic) that attach them to the axial skeleton
Medullary Canal
The cavity in the center of the diaphysis of a long bone. In adults, it is primarily filled with yellow marrow.
Fontanels
"Soft spots" on the infant skull where ossification is not complete. They allow for skull compression during birth and rapid brain growth afterward.
Sutures
Immovable joints that connect the flat bones of the adult skull (cranium).
Fibula
The long, thin, lateral bone of the lower leg.
Axial Skeleton
The division of the skeleton that forms the central axis of the body, including the cranium (skull), vertebrae (spinal column), and ribs and sternum (bony thorax).
Periostuem
A tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outside surface of a bone, except at the joint surfaces. It contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.
Foramina
Openings or holes in a bone, typically for the passage of blood vessels and nerves. (Singular: foramen)
Carpals
The eight small, wrist bones that form the wrist (carpus).
Humerus
The long bone of the upper arm.
Diaphysis
The long, cylindrical main shaft of a long bone (like the femur or humerus).
red marrow
Spongy, hemopoietic (blood-forming) tissue found mainly in the flat bones and the epiphyses of long bones. It is responsible for producing blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets).
Sites where two or more bones meet, providing movement and flexibility to the skeleton. They are classified by structure (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) or function (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis).
Clavicles
The two collarbones, connecting the sternum (breastbone) to the scapulas (shoulder blades). Part of the pectoral girdle.
Metacarpals
The five long bones that form the palm of the hand.
Endosteum
A thin membrane that lines the medullary canal (marrow cavity) of a long bone.
yellow marrow
Primarily adipose (fat) tissue that fills the medullary canal of long bones in adults. It can convert to red marrow if necessary (e.g., in cases of severe blood loss).
Ligaments
Strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone, supporting joints and limiting their range of motion.
Cranium
The bones of the skull that enclose and protect the brain.
Os Coxae
The two large bones that form the pelvic girdle (hip bones). Also called the innominate bone.
Epiphysis
The enlarged ends of a long bone.
skeletal system
The framework of the body, composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. Its functions include support, movement, protection, blood cell production, and mineral storage.
Sinuses
Air-filled cavities or spaces within the cranial bones, connected to the nasal cavity. They lighten the skull and act as resonance chambers for the voice.
Femur
The thigh bone; the longest and strongest bone in the body.
Patella
The small, flat, triangular bone known as the kneecap.