Bronze Age Cultures
Minoan
Name two common sacrificial animals in Greek religion.
sheep, pigs, cows, chickens
Where is Sparta located?
Mainland Greece, in the Peloponnese
Who is the famous tyrant associated with Athens?
Pisistratus
Who led the Persian forces in the First Persian War?
Darius
Who excavated Mycenae?
What is a key shared characteristic of Indo-European religions?
Male sky gods as main god
What role do helots play in Spartan society?
They were enslaved and made to do a large portion of physical labor in Sparta.
Name two groups who are not allowed to participate in voting.
Women, enslaved individuals, male citizen metics.
The Battle of Salamis
Which Indo-European writing system is associated with Mycenaean culture and thought to be related to Ancient Greek?
Linear B
Name and define one of the Greek concepts (Greek word!) associated with heroes.
Time, kleos, geras, aidos
Name one feature of Sparta's so-called "equal" society (i.e., men are seen as equals, homoioi).
A. No wealth differences
B. No private property (instead, state-distributed land allotments called kleroi)
C. No silver or gold
Name an Athenian literary author (someone we've learned about!) and the genre they worked in.
Aeschylus (tragedy), Euripides (tragedy)
Which polis became an ally of Athens during the Persian Wars?
Sparta
Which culture has been associated with so-called "Snake Goddess" figurines, in the form of women with exposed breasts, holding snakes in each hand?
Minoan culture
What are two things that the gods have in common with humans?
Anthropomorphic, not omniscient, not omnipotent
What does "eunomia" mean in Spartan culture, and what is the name of the Spartan lawgiver who is associated with it?
"Good order", Lycurgus
Name one of Cleisthenes' reforms in Athens.
B. creation of 10 tribes to replace the old, clan-based 4 tribe system, based on location rather than birth/family.
What was the spark for conflict between Persia and Athens?
The Ionians revolted against Persia and Athens helped them (the Ionian Revolt).
Name one of the reasons that is commonly cited as a potential cause for the widespread destruction of Mycenaean and Minoan cultures, spurring the so-called "Dark Ages".
A) Invasion (Dorians)
B) Natural disaster (droughts, earthquakes)
C) General social unrest in the Mediterranean
D) System collapse (overpopulation?)
What are two major differences between major Western religions (e.g., Judaism, Islam, Christianity, etc.) and Greek religious practices?
A. Polytheism vs monotheism
B. No religious text (general mythology versus single canon text)
C. Worship happens outside of a temple versus inside of a structure (versus interior gathering)
Define either agoge or syssitia in the Spartan male educational system.
Agoge: rigorous male training program from childhood (c. age 7)
Syssitia: Communal eating amongst men
Name two contributions/reforms of Pisistratus.
A. Economic: increase of agriculture and trade, first silver coins.
B. Building programs: e.g., temples like Temple of Athens, roads, public fountain houses, etc.
C. Cultural reforms (recitation of Homeric poems at Panathenaic festivals, festivals in honor of Dionysus, etc.
Name two important battles of the Persian Wars and describe roughly/generally what happened at each (e.g., who won?).
A. Battle of Marathon (First Persian War, Athens and Plataea win)
B. Battle of Salamis (Second Persian War, Greek naval victory against Persia)
C. Battle of Plataea (Second Persian War, Greek victory against Persia)
D. Battle of Thermopylae (Second Persian War, Leonidas and the 300, Greek loss against Persia, but they did manage to hold them off!)