INCIDENCE & GENETICS
TREATMENT TIMING
PALATE REPAIR & ANATOMY
VPI & SECONDARY SURGERY
CLEFT RHINOPLASTY/ORTHOGNATHICS
100
This gene mutation causes Van der Woude syndrome, the most common single-gene cause of cleft lip and palate.
IRF6
100
The optimal age range recommended for primary cleft palate repair is this, before development of patterned speech habits.
9 to 12 months of age
100
The sling of this muscle must be reconstructed during palatoplasty to achieve optimal velopharyngeal competence.
Levator veli palatini muscle
100
Following speech evaluation, this imaging modality is the most appropriate initial tool to dynamically assess the mechanism of velopharyngeal closure.
Video nasal endoscopy (nasopharyngoscopy
100
This tooth is normally congenitally absent in CL/P.
permanent lateral incisors
200
This permanent tooth bud is most commonly affected and congenitally absent in patients with cleft lip and palate.
permanent lateral incisor
200
If primary palatoplasty is delayed past 18 months of age, this major functional outcome is most likely to be negatively affected.
Speech outcomes
200
This principle of surgical technique is the major goal when performing nerve or palate anastomosis.
A tension-free repair
200
This secondary speech procedure is indicated for VPI patients who display a sagittal closure pattern with satisfactory lateral pharyngeal wall motion.
Posterior Pharyngeal Flap (PPF)
200
This is an alternative to the iliac crest in ABG that causes severe prolonged edema.
Bone morphogenic protein 2
300
This middle ear condition affects more than 90% of patients with isolated cleft palate prior to repair due to associated Eustachian tube dysfunction.
Chronic middle ear effusion
300
Secondary alveolar bone grafting is typically timed during the mixed dentition phase, just before the full eruption or at the point of this dental event.
Crowning of the permanent canine (age 7-9y)
300
In soft palate clefts, the levator veli palatini and the tensor veli palatini demonstrate anomolous insertion in to this structure instead of the midline palatal aponeurosis.
posterior hard palate
300
A posterior pharyngeal flap is typically raised containing mucosa and this underlying muscle.
Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
300
Unoperated cleft patients present with this occlusion and maxilla.
class 3
hypoplasia
400
This pathognomonic physical finding distinguishes Van der Woude syndrome from isolated cleft palate.
Lower lip pits
400
Definitive septorhinoplasty in CLP is performed at what age range.
After facial growth AND orthognathic surgery top reposition maxilla -- Adolescent years (10-19y)
400
If a large defect is inadvertently created in the nasal lining flap during palatoplasty, this localized tissue flap provides a simple closure option with the least donor site morbidity.
Buccal fat pad flaps
400
This speech procedure has the highest incidence of OSA.
Sphincter Pharyngoplasty - 50-69% incidence OSA
Used for poor lateral pharyngeal wall motion; appropriate for coronal closure patterns.
400
VPI is a frequent complication following this orthognathic surgery in cleft patients.
Le Fort I osteotomy
500
The risk percentage for a man with an oral cleft to have a child with a cleft is approximately this.
4.7%
500
Completion of facial bone growth for males and females occurs at this age.
Males: >=18,
Females: around 16
500
Submucous cleft palate is defined by this classic triad.
bifid uvula, nothching of the posterior hard palate, zona pellucida (midline mucosal attenuation.
500
When performing a pharyngoplasty on patients with velocardiofacial syndrome, special attention must be paid to this/these anatomical structure(s) in order to avoid injury.
(medially displaced) internal carotid arteries
500
The L flap, utilized in the rotation-advancement technique for cleft lip repair, serves to provide this structural outcome
Lateral nasal vault/sidewall expansion