Theoretical Perspectives
Biological Development
Cognitive Development
Language Development
Intelligence
100

This theorist is known for his theory of cognitive development that includes stages such as sensorimotor and formal operational.

Jean Piaget

100

This process describes the rapid development of the brain and nervous system during the first two years of life.

Synaptogenesis

100

In Piaget’s theory, this stage is characterized by logical thinking about concrete events.

Concrete operational stage

100

This term describes the rules for combining words into sentences.

Syntax

100

This type of intelligence refers to accumulated knowledge and skills.

Crystallized intelligence

200

This approach explains behavior through the selective pressures that shape behavior over time.

Evolutionary approach

200

This term refers to agents, such as alcohol and drugs, that can cause birth defects.

Teratogens

200

Which type of memory is responsible for holding a small amount of information for a brief period, such as when you remember a phone number?

Working memory

200

At what age do most children begin to produce their first spoken words?

Around 12 months

200

Who created the first intelligence test, later adapted by Lewis Terman?

Alfred Binet

300

Which theorist developed the theory of psychosocial development that spans the entire lifespan?

Erik Erikson

300

Which genetic disorder is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Down syndrome

300

The ability to focus on one specific stimulus and ignore others is known as what?

Selective attention

300

Which theorist proposed the idea that humans are born with an innate ability for language learning?

Noam Chomsky

300

This term refers to a high ability in one or more areas, typically identified with an IQ above 130.

Giftedness

400

In Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, this part of the personality operates based on the pleasure principle.

Id

400

What term describes the process of cell division that results in the production of eggs and sperm?

Meiosis

400

Vygotsky emphasized the role of this in children’s cognitive development.

Social interaction

400

What term refers to the understanding and use of words and their meanings?

Semantics

400

Which theory suggests that intelligence is influenced by both genetics and environment?

Reaction range theory

500

Vygotsky’s concept that describes the range between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help is called?

Zone of Proximal Development

500

This period, beginning around age 12, marks the onset of sexual maturation.

Puberty

500

What term refers to a child’s ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen?

Object permanence

500

The ability to speak two languages fluently is known as what?

Bilingualism

500

This term refers to the ability to solve problems and adapt to new situations.

Fluid intelligence