Spheres
What are the 3 spheres making up the biosphere?
Atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
The amount of solar radiation received by a region of Earths' surface depending on latitude and characteristics of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
What is insolation?
Radiation, Conduction, and Convection.
The 4 main greenhouse gases are...
Nitrous oxide, Carbon dioxide, Methane, and Water vapour
What are all the biomes?
Tundra, Taiga, Deciduous Forest, Grassland, Desert, and Tropical Rainforest.
What type of system is Earth and why?
It is a closed system because energy is exchanged but matter is not.
The percent of solar radiation reflected by a surface (Earth's is 30%).
What is albedo?
The addition of thermal energy ___ bonds, and the release of thermal energy ___ bonds.
Breaks; Forms
Carbon Source vs. Carbon Sink
Carbon Source: Any process that releases CO2 into the atmosphere.
Carbon Sink: Any process that removes CO2 from the atmosphere.
The difference between the amount of incoming radiation and outgoing radiation emitted from the Earth's surface and atmosphere.
What is the difference between climate and weather?
Weather is specific area and particular time while climate is average temp. of a larger region for long periods of time.
The deflection of any object from a straight-line path due to the Earth's rotation.
What is the Coriolis Effect?
Difference between angle of incidence and angle of inclination?
The angle of incidence is formed by the radiation ray and the line perpendicular to the surface it hits (*which determines how much insolation a region gets*). The angle of inclination is the degree at which Earth's axis tilt away from perpendicular orbit (*23.5*).
What is the GMP and Persistence of CO2, CH4, and N2O?
CO2: 1;50-200
CH4: 23;10
N2O: 296;120
Solve: If 100.0 kJ of energy is used to heat 500.0 g of water, what is the temp. change of the water?
47.73 degrees celsius
What are the 4 layers of the atmosphere and their temps. (closest to furthest from Earth)?
Troposphere (15), Stratosphere (-60 to 0), Mesosphere (0 to -100), Thermosphere (-100 to 1500)
Currents of extremely fast moving air in the stratosphere that form at the boundaries of cold and warm air.
What are jet streams?
Sea breeze vs. Land breeze?
Sea Breeze: When the sun rises the land warms faster than the water, so hot air from the land rises and cold air from the water moves in to take its place.
Land Breeze: At night, the land cools faster than the water so then the warm air from water moves to land while cold air from land moves to cool water, and the breeze reverses.
*Sea breeze cools land and land breeze does opp.*
What do the abbreviations stand for: IPCC, WMO, UNEP, and CFCs? (each is 100 points)
International Panel on Climate Change, World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environment Program, and Chlorofluorocarbons.
Hfus vs. Hvap?
Hfus relates to a phase change between solid and liquid while Hvap related to phase changes between liquid and gas.
What gases make up the atmosphere, and what are their exact percentages?
Nitrogen (78.08%), Oxygen (20.95%), Argon - Helium - Dust - Neon - Methane - Carbon Dioxide (0.97%)
In regions at and near the equator, the rising current of air causes winds that blow steadily northeast and southeast.
What are trade winds?
What is Hvap, Hfus, and c of water?
Hvap = 40.66 kJ/mol, Hfus = 6.01 kJ/mol, c = 4.19 J/g°
What 4 responses were taken against climate change?
Montreal Protocol, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement.
5.34 kJ