Tsunamis
What is a tsunami?
A) A single large wave caused by wind
B) A series of large waves caused by sudden movement of water
C) A storm surge from a hurricane
D) A type of earthquake
B) A series of large waves caused by sudden movement of water
What is a glacier mainly made of?
A) Rocks
B) Ice
C) Stones
D) Sand
B) Ice
What are auroras?
A) Clouds near the poles
B) Beautiful light shows in the sky near the poles
C) A type of star
D) A weather event
B) Beautiful light shows in the sky near the poles
What does the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) refer to?
A) The difference in sea-surface temperatures between opposite parts of the Indian Ocean
B) The speed of ocean currents
C) The height of waves
D) The amount of rainfall in India
A) The difference in sea-surface temperatures between opposite parts of the Indian Ocean
What are fossil fuels?
A) Oil, natural gas, and coal
B) Wind and solar energy
C) Water and ice
D) Plants and animals
A) Oil, natural gas, and coal
About what percentage of known tsunamis are triggered by earthquakes?
A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 80%
D) 100%
C) 80%
About what percentage of Earth's water is frozen in glaciers?
A) 2.1%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 50%
A) 2.1%
What is the aurora near the North Pole called?
A) Aurora Australis
B) Aurora Borealis
C) Aurora Equatorialis
D) Aurora Solaris
B) Aurora Borealis
What is another name for the Indian Ocean Dipole?
A) Indian Monsoon
B) Indian Nino
C) Indian Cyclone
D) Indian Tsunami
B) Indian Nino
When did the burning of fossil fuels begin to increase significantly?
A) 1500s
B) 1700s
C) 1900s
D) 2000s
B) 1700s
In how many directions do tsunamis radiate from their source?
A) One direction
B) Two directions
C) All directions
D) Only toward land
C) All directions
About how many glaciers were recorded in Alaska in 2011?
A) 2,700
B) 27,000
C) 270,000
D) 7,000
B) 27,000
Even though we see auroras at night, what causes them?
A) The Moon
B) The Sun
C) Earth's core
D) Stars
B) The Sun
During a positive IOD phase, which part of the Indian Ocean is warmer than normal?
A) Eastern
B) Western
C) Northern
D) Southern
B) Western
Which greenhouse gas is released by livestock (cows and sheep) during digestion?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Methane
C) Nitrous oxide
D) Oxygen
B) Methane
What is a meteotsunami?
A) A tsunami caused by a meteor impact
B) A tsunami generated by large storms over the ocean
C) A tsunami caused by underwater volcanoes
D) A tsunami caused by landslides
B) A tsunami generated by large storms over the ocean
Glacier ice is a type of rock. What kind of rock is it?
A) Sedimentary rock
B) Igneous rock
C) Mono-mineral rock
D) Metamorphic rock
C) Mono-mineral rock
Which gas gives off green and red light in an aurora?
A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Hydrogen
D) Helium
B) Oxygen
During a positive IOD phase, what happens in East Africa?
A) Drought
B) Higher-than-average rainfall and floods
C) Snowstorms
D) Heatwaves
B) Higher-than-average rainfall and floods
What human activity removes trees that absorb CO₂ and releases stored carbon?
A) Recycling
B) Deforestation
C) Composting
D) Solar farming
B) Deforestation
Which of the following is NOT a cause of tsunamis?
A) Underwater earthquakes
B) Landslides
C) Volcanic activity
D) Strong winds during a thunderstorm
D) Strong winds during a thunderstorm
About three-quarters of Earth's freshwater is stored in glaciers. This makes glacier ice the ______ largest reservoir of water on Earth.
A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
B) Second
What two things does a planet need to have auroras?
A) Water and clouds
B) A magnetic field and an atmosphere
C) A moon and rings
D) Volcanoes and oceans
B) A magnetic field and an atmosphere
According to a 2014 study, how often will extreme positive IOD events occur in the future if emissions continue to rise?
A) Once every 17.3 years
B) Once every 6.3 years
C) Once every 100 years
D) Once every 50 years
B) Once every 6.3 years
What is the main source of methane emissions that contributes to climate chan
Which of the following is NOT a way burning fossil fuels affects the Earth system?
A) Releasing greenhouse gases
B) Emitting pollutants that reduce air quality
C) Increasing the acidity of precipitation
D) Cooling the Earth's average air temperatures
D) Cooling the Earth's average air temperatures