Pulmonary function testing
total volume of air a patient is able to exhale for the total duration of the test during maximal effort
FVC
pale yellow (straw) fluid color indicates
transudates
usually phased array (can use curvilinear)
increase in HCO3- indicates
metabolic acidosis
pneumothorax
percentage of of the FVC expired in one second
FEV1/FVC
T/F: thoracentesis is used for diagnostic and therapeutic
T
normal lung ultrasound sign
bat sign
anion gap
Na- (Cl + HCO3-)
normal ventilation with perfusion defect on V/Q scan
mismatched defect -- PE
moderate FEV1% value
50-79%
LDH > 1000IU/L in fluid analysis indicates
empyema, rheumatoid pleurisy, malignancy
normal M mode appearance of lung sliding
Seashore sign
a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is expected to develop this type of disorder
high anion gap metabolic acidosis
performed during flexible bronchoscopy to collect samples from lower respiratory tract/alveoli
bronchoalveolar lavage
Low FVC and normal/elevated FEV1/FVC ratio indicates
restrictive disorder
cholesterol >55mg indicates
exudate
extend raylike to bottom of screen and are indicitive of pneumonia, ARDS, or pulm edema
B lines
compensated HCO3 < 22 indicates
additional non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose/treat through tissue resection
VATS
amount of improvement of FEV1 after SABA to indicate asthma
>10%
what two things are tested in lights criteria
Plueral protein and LDH
plankton sign is indicative of
exudate
winters sign is used to find compensatory respiratory alkalosis when what disorder is present
metabolic acidosis
detects certain antigens on tumor cells and distinguishes primary lung cancer from metastatic disease
immunohistochemical staining