Skin, Hair and Nails
Scale, lichenification, keloid, scar, excoriation, fissure, crust and atrophy.
What is/are secondary skin lesions?
Hard, fixed, painless or matted nodes.
What is malignancy?
In infants: Head circumference is smaller than normal due to poor brain development.
What is microcephaly?
Sensorineural hearing loss found in older adults resulting from degenerative changes in the inner ear or vestibular nerve.
What is presbycusis?
This test is used to evaluate peripheral vision.
What is the confrontation test?
This condition causes decreased skin turgor and is seen on physical exam as tented skin that slowly returns to its normal flat appearance.
What is dehydration?
Excess accumulation of lymph fluid in tissues, caused by inadequate drainage.
What is lymphedema?
Excess thyroid hormone causes increased metabolic rate, weight loss, tachycardia, diarrhea and heat sensitivity. May have normal size thyroid, goiter or nodules and proptosis.
What is hyperthyroidism?
Patients with this life-threatening condition may report recent history of URI. Patient will appear acutely ill, and may be drooling, anxious, and refuse to move neck.
What is Retropharyngeal abcess?
Dot hemorrhages and soft exudates known as cotton-wool spots on opthalmoscopic exam are typical findings in this disease state.
What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Staging of pressure ulcers:
Full-thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed. Slough may be present but does not obscure the depth of tissue loss. May include undermining and tunneling.
What is a stage III Pressure Ulcer?
Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel due to a distal infection. Red streaks in the skin follow the course of the lymph vessels.
What is lymphangitis?
Hemi-facial palsy due to affected CN VII.
What is Bell's Palsy?
This test is performed on physical exam to assess unilateral hearing loss.
What is the Weber test?
Cherry red fovea on physical exam.
What is Central Artery Occlusion?
*Moles
dysplastic or atypical
numerous non-dysplastic nevi
large, congenital nevi (>15cm)
*Exposure to sunlight or UV radiation
*Immune suppression
*Fair skin, light eyes
*Sun sensitivity; inability to tan
What are Risk Factors fro melanoma?
Patient presents with fever, HA, sore throat, generalized lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. This disease is highly contagious.
What is Epstein Barr or Infectious Mononucleosis Virus?
Infant fontanels close before sutures of the head ossify. The posterior fontanel closes at _____ of age, and the anterior fontanel closes at ______ of age.
What is (posterior) 2 months of age, and (anterior) 12-15 months of age?
Hearing loss due to reduced transmission of sound to the middle ear. Causes include:
Otitis media with effusion
Cholesteatoma
Stiffening of the ossicles
Otosclerosis
Cerumen impaction
Foreign Body
What is conductive hearing loss?
Cranial Nerve that innervate lateral rectus.
What is CN 6 or Abducens?
Diffuse, acute infection of the skin. Usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. Skin will be red, hot, tender and indurated; borders are not well demarcated.
What is cellulitis?
Zoonotic disease. No significant sx. Patient reports history of eating raw meat or uncooked eggs, or history of cleaning cat litter box. Physical exam finds a single node, chronically enlarged, non-tender.
What is Toxoplasmosis?
This physical exam technique is crucial in infants in diagnosing hydrocephalus.
What is transillumination?
*Age: Older than 40
*Gender: men 2x> women *Ethnicity: Black
*Excessive alcohol use
*Ill-fitting dentures, prior oral lesions
*Tobacco: cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, snuff
*risk increases with frequency and duration of tobacco use
*smoking history > 20 pack-years *Occupation: textile industry, leather manufacturing
*Systemic disease: pernicious or iron-deficiency anemia, HIV infection, lichen planus, previous malignancy, HPV
What are risk factors for oral cancer?
Site of central vision of the eye.
What is the fovea or macula?