Signs/Symptoms
This symptom of DKA is evident by poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension.
What is dehydration?
This metabolic process, increased in DKA, involves the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, exacerbating hyperglycemia.
What is gluconeogenesis?
In this phase of the nursing process, the nurse may administer insulin to help regulate blood glucose levels.
What is the implementation phase?
This individual is most likely responsible for glucose monitoring during hospital admission
What is a nurse?
Indicative lab values of this complication of DM includes: increased glucose, positive ketones, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, decreased pH, decreased total CO2, and decreased bicarbonate (Tyerman & Cobbett, 2023)
What is DKA?
The body’s attempt to reverse metabolic acidosis through the exhalation of excess carbon dioxide.
What is Kussmaul’s respiration?
This acid-base imbalance is a hallmark of DKA, resulting from excessive accumulation of ketone bodies
What is metabolic acidosis?
In this phase of the nursing process, the nurse may set priorities, determine expected outcomes, and select interventions for a client with T1DM.
What is the planning phase?
This individual is responsible for directing and coordinating care and management of the patient at a
specific point in time (CMPA, 2019)
What is the MRP?
Increased urination, fruity smelling breath, rapid/deep breathing, headache, stiffness, Hx of DM (Tyerman & Corbett, 2023)
What are clinical manifestations (of DKA)?
Acidic in nature and present in urine and blood of a patient with DKA
What are ketones?
In DKA, this ion’s movement out of cells leads to its depletion intracellularly but can present with normal or high levels in serum
What is potassium?
Nursing responsibilities for a client received insulin therapy include: administration, monitoring and _____ _____.
What is patient education?
DM can potentially lead to endocrine dysfunction, prompting a referral to this individual (HHS, 2023)
What is an endocrinologist?
Urine samples, blood samples, arterial blood gases, blood glucose, metabolic panel are examples of this. (Tyerman & Cobbett, 2023)
What are diagnostic/(s?) labs?
This sign is indicated by arterial pH below 7.35, serum bicarbonate less than 15mmol/L and anion gap greater than 12 mmol/L
What is metabolic acidosis?
This condition, a result of insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia in DKA contributes to fluid and electrolyte losses
What is osmotic diuresis?
This is a topic of essential health teaching for clients with newly diagnosed T1DM.
What is hypoglycemia?
This is the tonicity of physician ordered 0.45% NaCl IV that may be used to restore urine output to 30-
60 mL/hr (Tyerman & Cobbett, 2023)
What is hypotonic?
DKA can be treated within 24 hours up to several days (Tyerman & Cobbett, 2023)
What is duration of treatment?
This sign is a result of hydrogen movement into the extracellular compartment, and a severe depletion of a particular electrolyte in the intracellular space
What is hypokalemia?
This severe complication can result from the combination of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and acidosis in advanced stages of DKA
What is hypovolemic leading to renal failure?
Follow up assessment includes inspection of injection sites for this.
What is lipodystrophy?
IV insulin may be ordered to correct ____________ and ____________ (Tyerman & Cobbett, 2023)
What is hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia?
Increased CO2 in DKA is indicative of this. (Tyerman & Cobbett, 2023)
What is compensated metabolic acidosis?