Reference Ranges
This analyte has a reference range of 6.4-8.3 g/dl and an increase of this indicates dehydration, chronic inflammation, and multiple myeloma.
What is total protein? (slide set 1, #16)
This method utilizes a chemical reaction that produces light.
What is chemiluminescence? (Slide set 1, #7)
When evaluating a 2 hour glucose tolerance test on a pregnant woman, which one of these is considered a NORMAL result?
<140
<10
>153
No chnage
<140
An increase of this electrolyte is due to increased intake or IV administration, excessive sweating, or diabetes insipidus. The increase can cause tremors, irritability, confusion, or a coma.
What is sodium?
Most of the carbon dioxide present in the blood is in the form of
What is bicarbonate?
The normal reference range for this analyte is <100 mg/dl and an increase indicates diabetes mellitus, acute stress, and pancreatitis.
What is glucose? (slide set 1, #15)
This method is a chemical reaction that produces a colored substance that absorbs light of a specific wavelength.
What is spectrophotometry? (slide set 1, #6)
A 46 year old alcoholic with liver damage presents to the ER. You would expect his liver values to be affected in what way? (increased, decreased, or the same)
They would be increased
An increase of this electrolyte can cause muscle weakness, confusion, cardiac arrhythmia, and cardiac arrest.
What is potassium?
What is the reference (normal) range for arterial pH?
7.35 to 7.45
This analyte's desirable reference range is >60 mg/dl and appears to be inversely related to cardiac associated disease.
What is HDL? (slide set 1, #15)
In this method, atoms absorb light of specific wavelengths and emit light of longer wavelength (lower energy).
What is fluorometry? (slide set 1, #6)
What is the most significant cause of decreased haptoglobin levels?
(Intravascular hemolysis, liver disease, or acute infection)
Intravascular hemolysis
This is the most abundant mineral in the body. It is decreased in conditions such as hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, and vitamin D deficiency.
What is calcium?
A patient's blood gas results are as follows:
pH = 7.26 DCO2 = 2.0 mmol/L HCO3– = 29 mmol/L
The patient is in:
respiratory acidosis
This analyte's reference range is 19-60 mcg/dl and an increase beyond this range is indicative of liver disease, hepatic coma, renal faliure and Reye syndrome.
What is ammonia? (slide set 2, #2)
This method measures reduction in light transmission by particles in suspension.
What is turbidimetry? (slide set 1, #7)
Which lipid abnormality is most closely linked to heart diseases?
Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, or a betalipoproteinemia
Hypercholesterolemia
A decrease of this electrolyte could be the result of prolonged vomiting, diabetic ketoacidosis, metabolic alkalosis.
What is chloride?
Which of the following conditions is associated with both metabolic and respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperchloremia
Hypernatremia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia
This analyte's reference range in 250-425 mcg/ dl and is increased in IDA and decreased in iron overdose and hemachromatosis.
What is TIBC? (slide set 2, # 5)
This method is similar to turbidimetry, but light is measured at an angle from the light source.
What is nephelometry? (slide set 1, #7)
A patient presents with the following results:
Total bili: 3
Conjugated bili: 1.2
Stools: clay colored
What is the most likely cause?
Obstrcutive jaundice
Which electrolyte is most likely to be spuriously elevated in a hemolyzed specimen?
What is potassium?
In uncompensated metabolic acidosis pH will be elevated without a/an (elevation or decrease) of PCO2.
elevation