Pathophysiology
This mechanism causes edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure in heart failure.
What is increased venous pressure?
Unilateral leg swelling raises concern for this life-threatening condition.
What is DVT?
Bilateral leg swelling with dyspnea and orthopnea suggests this diagnosis.
What is congestive heart failure?
First-line imaging for suspected DVT.
What is Doppler ultrasound?
First-line non-pharmacologic treatment for venous insufficiency.
What are compression stockings?
Loss of this plasma protein leads to decreased oncotic pressure and edema.
What is albumin?
This exam finding helps differentiate lymphedema from venous edema.
What is non-pitting edema?
Leg swelling following lymph node dissection is most likely due to this.
What is lymphedema?
This lab test is often low in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
What is serum albumin?
Immediate management for suspected DVT.
What is anticoagulation?
Edema caused by increased capillary permeability is commonly seen in this condition.
What is inflammation?
Edema that worsens at the end of the day and improves with elevation suggests this cause.
What is venous insufficiency?
Sudden unilateral swelling after surgery or prolonged immobilization.
What is DVT?
Elevated levels of this peptide suggest heart failure.
What is BNP?
This class of drugs is used to treat edema in heart failure.
What are diuretics?
This Starling force change explains edema in cirrhosis.
What is decreased oncotic pressure?
Skin changes such as hyperpigmentation and lipodermatosclerosis point to this diagnosis.
What is chronic venous insufficiency?
Edema with nephrotic-range proteinuria is caused by this renal condition.
What is nephrotic syndrome?
This urine finding supports nephrotic syndrome.
What is proteinuria (>3.5 g/day)?
Mainstay treatment for lymphedema.
What is compression therapy and physiotherapy?
Non-pitting edema results from accumulation of this substance in tissues.
What are glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides)?
Inability to pinch the skin at the base of the second toe is called this sign.
What is Stemmer sign?
Pretibial non-pitting edema associated with this endocrine disorder.
What is Graves disease?
This imaging modality helps evaluate chronic venous insufficiency.
What is venous duplex ultrasound?
Diuretics are generally ineffective for this type of edema.
What is lymphedema?