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Role of the Clinical Microbiology Lab
Normal Flora
Human Defenses & Immunity
Pathogens
The Infectious Disease Process
100
This stain is used most frequently in the microbiology lab
What is Gram's Stain?
100
This species of staphylococcus is the most common normal flora of the skin
What is Staphylococcus epidermidis?
100
This immunoglobulin class is the first to rise in response to the primary exposure of a pathogen
What is IgM?
100
The single virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae
What are capsules?
100
If something is pyrogenic, it causes this
What is a fever?
200
This type of smear is made from a pure BA colony
What is a pic gram?
200
The most common normal flora of the upper respiratory tract
What is Steptococcus viridans?
200
The BCG vaccine protects against this infection
What is tuberculosis?
200
The number of organisms required to cause an infection is classified as this
What is infective dose?
200
During this period, pathogens multiply and the patient has no symptoms
What is the incubation period?
300
This type of direct smear screens for small numbers of organisms
What is AO (acridine orange)?
300
An endogenous pathogen associated with diaper rash, oral thrush and yeast infections
What is Candida albicans?
300
The organism is killed or rendered inactive in this type of vaccine
What is inactivated?
300
These proteins are a virulence factor that allows the organism to attach
What are adhesions?
300
These people harbour a pathogen but do not get sick from it
What are carriers?
400
The microbiology lab must make sure these documents are always updated; they include written/verbal directions and diagrams
What are specimen collection manuals?
400
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a causative agent of pneumonia, however low numbers are considered this in the human body
What is normal flora?
400
Skin is classed as this type of barrier
What is structural?
400
Exoenzymes are present in this class of Gram organisms
What are gram positive bacteria?
400
Endogenous infections are caused by organisms that come from here
What is the body?
500
KOH and calcofluor direct smears are to detect this type of organism
What is fungus?
500
This anaerobic genus of normal flora is the most prevalent in the GI tract
What is Bacteroides?
500
These type of white blood cells are only present in bacterial infections
What are neutrophils?
500
This virulence factor is an enzyme that can degrade tissue and allows the organism to invade; present in Staphylococcus aureus
What is hyaluronidase?
500
Most nosocomial infections are caused by this procedure
What is urinary catheterization?