Microbiology & Antibiotics
What is the main action of β-lactam antibiotics?
A. Protein synthesis inhibition
B. Block DNA gyrase
C. Block cell wall synthesis
D. Inhibit folic acid synthesis
C. Block cell wall synthesis
What is the primary purpose of an enteric coating on tablets?
A. To sweeten the tablet
B. To protect the drug from stomach acid
C. To improve color
D. To increase dissolution in the mouth
B. To protect the drug from stomach acid
Aspirin was first derived from which natural product?
A. Caffeine
B. Salicin
C. Curcumin
D. Morphine
B. Salicin
Which drug class lowers blood pressure by increasing urine output?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Diuretics
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Calcium channel blockers
B. Diuretics
Which Gram-positive cocci causes strep throat?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Enterococcus faecalis
D. Neisseria meningitidis
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
Give one advantage of a transdermal patch.
A. Rapid IV-like action
B. Bypasses first-pass metabolism
C. Better taste
D. Requires no skin contact
B. Bypasses first-pass metabolism
Which herb is commonly used to improve memory?
A. Ginkgo biloba
B. Echinacea
C. Aloe vera
D. Chamomile
A. Ginkgo biloba
Main neurotransmitter missing in Parkinson’s disease?
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
B. Dopamine
Name a common side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
A. Ototoxicity
B. Photosensitivity
C. Constipation
D. Headache
A. Ototoxicity
Why do some eye drops include preservatives?
A. To change the color
B. To prevent microbial growth after opening
C. To increase viscosity for better drop formation
D. To change pH for comfort
To prevent microbial growth after opening
Which plant provides morphine?
A. Digitalis
B. Opium poppy
C. Cinchona
D. Willow bark
B. Opium poppy
First step to manage mild high blood pressure besides medication?
A. Start insulin
B. Lifestyle changes
C. Take antibiotics
D. Increase salt intake
B. Lifestyle changes
Which antibiotic is the drug of choice for treating syphilis?
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Azithromycin
C. Penicillin G
D. Doxycycline
C. Penicillin G
Why must IV (intravenous) solutions be sterile?
A. They taste bad
B. They bypass the body's normal defenses
C. They are colored for identification
D. They contain sugar
B. They bypass the body's normal defenses
Main active compound in turmeric?
A. Quinine
B. Curcumin
C. Taxol
D. Menthol
B. Curcumin
Name one common side effect of beta-blockers.
A. Bradycardia
B. Diarrhea
C. Insomnia
D. Itching
A. Bradycardia
What laboratory stain is used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
A. Gram stain
B. Ziehl–Neelsen (acid-fast) stain
C. India ink
D. Lactophenol cotton blue
B. Ziehl–Neelsen (acid-fast) stain
Name one dosage form designed for slow release inside the mouth.
A. Lozenge (troche)
B. Injection
C. Suppository
D. Nasal spray
A. Lozenge (troche)
Which natural product is used for mild anxiety and comes from a purple flower?
A. Lavender oil
B. Ginseng
C. Green tea
D. Peppermint oil
A. Lavender oil
Which anti-nausea drug works by blocking serotonin (5-HT3) receptors?
A. Metoclopramide
B. Ondansetron
C. Domperidone
D. Promethazine
B. Ondansetron