Anxiety and Related Disorders
Sally thinks that her thinking about hitting her boss is the moral equivalent of actually doing it, and feels extreme guilt whenever the thought comes to mind. Sally is displaying ____
thought-action fusion
What are the two characteristics of antisocial personality disorder?
antagonism, low conscientiousness
What is the necessary duration for a diagnosis of MDE?
A major depressive episode (MDE) refers to symptoms that co-occur for at least two weeks and cause significant distress or impairment in functioning, such as interfering with work
“False beliefs that are often fixed, hard to change even in the presence of conflicting information, and often culturally influenced in their content” are referred to as…
delusions
What is psychoanalytic therapy?
Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic approach focusing on resolving unconscious conflicts
Give two examples of explanations of why people with GAD tend to worry more
GAD are more sensitive and vigilant toward possible threats than people who are not anxious
people with GAD worry as a way to gain some control over these otherwise uncontrollable or unpredictable experiences and against uncertain outcomes
GAD worry as a way to avoid feeling distressed
Which personality disorder is characterized as neurotic, including such traits as emotionally unstable, vulnerable, overwhelmed, rageful, depressive, and self-destructive
borderline personality disorder
What are the key differences of manic versus hypomanic episodes?
Manic episodes are distinguished from hypomanic episodes by their duration and associated impairment; whereas manic episodes must last one week and are defined by a significant impairment in functioning, hypomanic episodes are shorter and not necessarily accompanied by impairment in functioning.
name 3 examples of other schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
schizophreniform, schizoaffective, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, attenuated psychotic disorder
What therapeutic orientation is used for individuals with Borderline personality disorder?
Dialectal Behavioural THERAPY (DBT)
People with Panic disorder must not only experience panic attacks, but…
must experience continued intense anxiety and avoidance related to the attack for at least one month, causing significant distress or interference in their lives.
What are the 10 personality disorders?
antisocial, avoidant, borderline, dependent, histrionic, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal.
What is the criteria for a manic episode?
inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, increased goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts or flight of ideas, distractibility, increased talkativeness, excessive involvement in risky behaviors
What are three cognitive deficits people with schizophrenia are faced with?
episodic memory, working memory, processing speed
Name and describe the technique used in person centered therapy?
unconditional positive regard: In person-centered therapy, an attitude of warmth, empathy and acceptance adopted by the therapist in order to foster feelings of inherent worth in the patient
What are the four major subtypes of specific phobias and give an example for each.
blood-injury-injection (BII) type
situational type (such as planes, elevators, or enclosed places)
natural environment type for events one may encounter in nature (for example, heights, storms, and water)
animal type.
What is the most widely used instrument for diagnosing psychopathy in correctional facilities - what does it measure - what two scales are used in the instrument?
Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, PCL-R scores are correlated with impulsive and aggressive tendencies, low empathy, Machiavellianism, lack of social connectedness, and persistent violent offending - interpersonal-affective and antisocial deviance
What distinguishes BD I from BD II?
Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by single (or recurrent) hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes, (BD I), which was previously known as manic-depression, is characterized by a single (or recurrent) manic episode.
John, a 28-year-old with schizophrenia, is reading alone when he suddenly hears a whispering voice calling his name. The voice grows louder, warning him that someone is watching through the window. The voice starts laughing, making him feel fearful and paranoid. What symptom is John experiencing?
auditory hallucinations
Your textbook describes 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of Mindfulness-Based Therapy, what are they?
pro: 1.acceptability 2.adaptability. Con: 1. Lack of consensus on efficacy, BUT growing support
Name the DSM-5 criteria for GAD (criteria + required duration)
The DSM-5 criteria specify that at least six months of excessive anxiety and worry of this type must be ongoing, happening more days than not for a good proportion of the day - criteria - muscle tension, fatigue, agitation or restlessness, irritability, difficulties with sleep
What is the triarchic model, and what are the three components?
This model conceives of psychopathy as encompassing three separable symptomatic components—disinhibition, boldness, and meanness—that can be viewed as thematic building blocks for differing conceptions of psychopathy.
What is the 9 criteria for MDE in the DSM-5?
depressed mood
diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities
significant weight loss or gain or an increase or decrease in appetite
insomnia or hypersomnia
psychomotor agitation or retardation
fatigue or loss of energy
feeling worthless or excessive or inappropriate guilt
diminished ability to concentrate or indecisiveness
recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or a suicide attempt
What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms? Name and describe an example of each.
Positive symptoms are additions to normal experience ex. Hallucinations, delusions, Negative symptoms are reductions or absences in normal behavior ex. Flat affect, anhedonia
Which therapeutic orientation has the most empirical support, how does it work (basic premise), and what are some techniques used?
Cognitive behavioral therapy
→changing their underlying cognitions and behaviors. The premise of CBT is that thoughts, behaviors, and emotions interact and contribute to various mental disorders.
reappraisal/cognitive restructuring? → The process of identifying, evaluating, and changing maladaptive thoughts in psychotherapy.
Exposure→ A form of intervention in which the patient engages with a problematic (usually feared) situation without avoidance or escape.