Cases
What are 5 history questions you should ask on intake?
so many answers here
Name the two-letter abbreviation for right eye, left eye and both eyes.
OU- both
OS- left
OD- right
What additives are in a purple top and why?
What additives are in a green top?
Purple- ETDA, anticoagulant
Green- Heparin
Explain how to perfrom a rebreathing exam as well as the supplies needed to perfrom this exam.
Needed: Bag, Stethescope, Horse :)
Chuck has an open wound to the proximal aspect of his right forelimb from an unknown source!!! Name 4 things we should pay attention to when assessing the wound.
Bleeding, Infection, Puncture, Foreign Material, Lameness, Close structures (like eye, bone, tendon)
Provide 5 treatments for laminitis
stall rest with deep bedding
cold hose/ice hooves 20min BID for 3 days
NSAID
thyro L short term to promote weight loss
prascend
grazing muzzle for t/o + t/o on dry lot spring and fall
forage based diet
therapeutic shoeing (heart bar shoe to stabilize P3, wedge pads to lift heel and reduce pull of DDFT)
In Dr. Emily's Case, The patient had a BLANK, an indication of a forelimb lameness.
Head bob
List four treatments we could do for a horse with a large colon impaction
Tube with fluids/mineral oil, restrict feed, dispense banamine paste, recheck exams (rectal, PE, etc.)
List 6 parts of assessing cranial nerve function and explain how to perfrom them.
Menace, Pupil size, pupil symmetry, pupillary light response, facial symmetry, palpebral reflex, gag reflex, tounge tone.
Suture!! Name the three suture patterns we practiced ANDDDD...
Which is larger? 3-0 or 3 suture?
Simple interrupted, Cruciate, Simple continuous
3 is larger
Describe the difference between Myelopathy, Myloencepahlopathy, Encephalomyelopathy, and Myelitis
Myelopathy: Any disease or disorder affecting the spinal cord.
Myelitis: Inflammation of the spinal cord.
Myeloencephalopathy: Disease affecting both the spinal cord and the brain, spinal cord first. (encephala first is encepathomyelopathy)
What is the name of the tool that Mary O'Donovan used to clamp/cut the testicles of UVM Unchallenged?
Emasculators
Describe the process of venipuncture
Venipuncture in horses involves safely restraining the horse, locating and occluding the jugular vein, cleaning the site, and inserting a sterile needle to collect blood. After collection, the needle is removed, firm pressure is applied to stop bleeding, and the sample is labeled appropriately.
List all 5 movement tests form a neurological exam on a horse.
Circle, backing, raise head/blindfold, sway, incline/hill.
Otis is dragging his hind toes at all gaits and looks stiff. When circling, Otis swings his outside leg out really wide, too wide to be normal and isn't crossing over. The sway test was performed, and he was put a little off balance, but righted himself eventually. What neuro grade is Otis?
Neuro Grade 2. Mild neurological deficits that are apparent at all times and across all gaits.
Stanley had muffled heart sounds. Name 3 things that would be on your Ddx.
Pneumonia, Pleuropneumonia, Neoplasia, COPD/Heaves, IAD, Pleuritis
TRUE OR FALSE: When you ultrasound a pregnant mare, youre probe will face ventrally. The parts that appear more white are hypoechoic and the parts that appear darker are hyperechoic
FALSE. yes to probe direction, no to colors, flip it.
Explain Serum vs Plasma.
Serum is the liquid portion of blood after it clots, so it lacks clotting factors like fibrinogen. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood collected with an anticoagulant, so it retains clotting factors.
Explain EVERY part of the process of hoof testing.
ALSO.. Red is reactive when you hoof test his left forelimb.. what is your next step?
5-6 clamps around solar margin, two diagnonal squeezes, and one acros the heel. Pointy part to the sky don't clamp skin!!
Buttons has a wound on the dorsal aspect of her cannon bone!! Name the supplies, in order, that you would bandage her wound strarting with topical antibiotics.
Explain the biology of how grass founder causes laminitis
Photosynthesis during the day PRODUCES fructans, cellular respiration at night USES fructans, when its colder outside cellular respiration doesn’t happen therefore fructan levels in the grass will be HIGHER in the morning when horses go out to eat . . . this can cause grass founder
How did we assess Lameness in Dr. Emily's case? BONUS: Which 3 did we do?
Nerve blocks- Palmar digital, Abaxial seasmoid, low palmar
TTW vs BAL vs Thoracocentesis? What are they? How do we perfrom them?
TTW (Transtracheal Wash): Collects respiratory secretions from the trachea to diagnose lower airway infection. A catheter is passed into the trachea, sterile saline is introduced and retrieved, and the sample is analyzed.
- BAL (Bronchoalveolar Lavage): Collects cells and fluid from the lower airways and alveoli. A bronchoscope or specialized catheter is advanced into the lower airway, sterile saline is flushed in and suctioned back for analysis.
- Thoracocentesis: Removes fluid or air from the pleural space around the lungs. A sterile needle or catheter is inserted into the pleural space to collect fluid or release air, often to help a horse breathe.
Key difference: TTW samples the trachea, BAL samples the lower airways, and thoracocentesis accesses the space around the lungs.
BLANK is a border in the stomach of a horse that separates the squamous (nonglandular) mucosa from the glandular mucosa
Margo Plicatus!!
A 2-day-old foal presents on examination with swollen joints and an inflamed umbilicus. Bloodwork reveals a markedly decreased white blood cell count. What condition does this foal have? Why do you think this is?
Neonatal Sepsis- Umbilicus is a common way infection starts in foals.