Schizophrenia 1
__________ symptoms are named as such because they are “added on” by the illness. E.g., delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized speech, and behaviour.
Positive symptoms
Schizophrenia occurs in both men and women, but is slightly more common in __________ .
Men
In schizophrenia, the first episode of psychosis typically occurs in this time period.
Late teens to early twenties (usually earlier for men than women)
This generation of antipsychotic medication blocks dopamine receptors.
First generation (typical) antipsychotics
This generation of antipsychotic medication blocks dopamine receptors AND affects serotonin levels. These drugs have milder movement-related side-effects.
Second generation (atypical) antipsychotics
People with Schizophrenia generally exhibit a __________ affect, meaning they don't show much emotion and tend to speak much less than the average person.
Flat
The prominence of mood features is required for the diagnosis of __________ disorder, but not for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
A __________ delusion is a false belief that a person's internal or external bodily functions are abnormal. This belief may also extend to viewing one's physical appearance as very irregular.
Somatic
This is a condition that causes people to have repetitive involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, jaw or fingers. The risk of these side-effects is highest with first-generation antipsychotics.
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)
Rhabdomyolysis, seizures, cardiac arrythmias, and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation are complications of this rare but serious side-effect to dopamine antagonists.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
A form of thought content describing the belief that a person's thoughts can be heard or known by people around them, and that their thoughts are being broadcasted by the television, radio, or the internet.
Thought broadcasting
A delusion of __________ is a false fixed belief about one’s greatness. A person may believe that they are famous, can end world wars, are immortal, are highly accomplished, are more important than others, or even magical.
__________ are disturbances in perception. If a person hears, sees, tastes, smells or feels something that does not actually exist, they are experiencing this symptom.
Hallucinations
The risk for Tardive Dyskinesia is higher for this generation of antipsychotic medication.
First generation
This is a rare but serious complication of dopamine antagonists. Signs include fever, muscle stiffness and delirium (e.g., disorientation and confusion). This condition can be life threatening and requires immediate treatment.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
A person experiencing this type of delusion is unable to recognize reality and strongly believe that people or groups, like the government, intend to harm/target them. These beliefs are fixed and often unrealistic or bizarre. E.g., “My neighbours break into my house at night and steal the clothes out of my closet."
Persecutory
__________ symptoms “take away” from a person’s usual ability to accomplish tasks and enjoy life. They include reduced motivation, social withdrawal, reduced emotional expression, loss of interest and pleasure, and reduced verbal communication.
Negative symptoms
When this is experienced, a person stops speaking suddenly and without explanation while in the middle of a sentence. People who experience this symptom may report that they feel like the thought has been removed from their brains.
Thought blocking
This medication is used to treat and/or help control extrapyramidal side effects (EPS).
Benztropine (Cogentin)
The name for movement-type side-effects (e.g., tremors, muscle stiffness, and tics). The risk of these side-effects may be lower with the second-generation (atypical) medications than with the older drugs.
Extrapyramidal side effects
__________ are false beliefs that have no basis in fact or in the person’s culture. The person feels so strongly about these beliefs that they will not accept other people’s attempts to argue against or disprove the beliefs.
E.g., Beliefs that: Other people are following or monitoring them or trying to harm them (also referred to as paranoia); Their bodies or thoughts are being controlled by outside forces; Ordinary events have special meaning for them (e.g., believing that a newspaper story, song lyric or TV character is communicating special messages intended for them); They are especially important or have unusual powers; Other people can read their thoughts.
Delusions
This type of delusion is the false belief that irrelevant/insignificant remarks, events, or objects have personal meaning or significance. E.g., when someone watches a movie and believes there is a message in the movie that is meant specifically for them.
Ideas of reference
__________ are the most commonly experienced hallucination experienced by those with Schizophrenia.
Auditory hallucinations
Name 2 first generation (typical) antipsychotics.
Chlorpromazine
Flupenthixol
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
Loxapine
Perphenazine
Pimozide
Thiothixene
Trifluoperazine
Zuclopenthixol
Name 2 second generation (atypical) antipsychotics.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Paliperidone (Invega)
Ziprasidone (Zeldox)
Lurasidone (Latuda)
Asenapine (Saphris)