Buzz Words
Tongue fasiculations
ALS
Four cardinal signs of parkinson's
Rest tremor, rigidity akinesia-bradykinesia and postural instability
Most common type of vertigo with positive Dix-Hallpike
BPPV
Tx-particle repostioning(eplimanuvers)
Most common in young adults and adolescents and proceeded by prodrome
reflex syncope
Brief loc w/o postural loss and often accompanied by rapid eye blinking or other automatisms
Generalized non-motor/absence/Petite Mal
Lead pipe rigidity
neuroletpic malignant syndrome
3 prodromal symptoms for reflex syncope
diaphoresis, nausea and pallor
Single attack last days to weeks in a young adult after a URI
vestibular neuritis
tx-self limited so just bed rest but maybe vestibular suppressants, anti-emetics and 10d prednisone taper
Syncope with highest risk of death
cardiac syncope
Deja vu, epigastric discomfort, jacksonian seizures, todd's paraplysis
focal-partial simple aware
hummingbird sign on mid-sagital MRI
progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
Triad of sx for serotonin syndrome
AMS, neuromusclar abnormalities and autonomic hyperactive
Associated with progressive hearing loss
Meniere disease
acute tx-bed rest, antiemetics, and vestibular suppressants
prophylactic tx- DASH diet, limit caffeine/nicotine/EtOH, and diuretics
10% pts will be refractory and require surg
SBP drops >20 or DBP drops >10 with postural change
orthostatic syncope
Assocaited with significant brain dz
generalized motor tonic
Milk-maid graps and fly-catch tongue
Huntingtons dz
Triad for Meniere disease
episodic vertigo, tinnitis, and fluctuating hearing loss
Associated with barrotrauma and pneumatic otoscopy may produced abnormal eye movemnts
perilymphatic fistula
tx-bedrest, hydration, sumptomtic tx, surg
Most common cause of cardiac syncope
AS
proceeded by aura, bizarre behavior/exaggerated emotions with lack of awareness and followed by postictal confusion
focal-partial complex impaired awareness
Hot cross bun sign on MRI
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
Tetrad of Nuroleptic malignant syndorme
fever, autonomic instability, rigidty, mental status change
Vertigo Red flags
neuologic deficits, ipsilateral hearing loss, gait abnormality and direction changing nystamgus
This type of reflex syncope often seen in middle-aged men requires a pacemaker
carotid sinus hypersensitivity
Most common type of generalized seizure and often due to metabolic problems
Generalized motor tonic-clonic/Grand mal