Definitions
The transfer of a DNA fragment of one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. The DNA fragment can be propagated in a foreign host cell.
DNA cloning
True or false
Cloning is new technology that has been around for only 20 year
False
Over 100 years
Dolly was a clone of a _______
Sheep
Name 1 reason why cloning is helpful
1.Used for medical purposes 2.Reviving endangered or extinct species 3.Reproducing a dead pet 4.Experimenting with cloned cells to recreate organs
Name 1 cloned animal previously not mentioned.
Tadpole (1952) Carp (1963) Mice (1986) Sheep (1996) Rhesus Monkey (January 2000) Gaur: (2001) Cattle (males, 2001 and 2005) Cat (female, 2001and 2004) Rat (2003) Mule (2003) Horse (2003) Asian Buffalo (2009) Camel (2009)
A technology used to generate an animal with the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. Dolly was created this way by transferring genetic material from the nucleus of a donor adult cell to an oocyte which has had its genetic material removed.
Reproductive cloning
The first cloned animals created was a _______________
Sheep
Dolly was introduced into an oocyte without a ________
nucleus
Describe the purpose of therapeutic cloning
creation of cells or tissues of an organism
Identify one difference and one similarity between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning
Development of embryo
Process is the same
A procedure whose initial stages are identical to adult DNA cloning. However, the stem cells are removed from the pre-embryo with the intent of producing tissue or a whole organ for transplant back into the person who supplied the DNA. The pre-embryo dies in the process. The goal of therapeutic cloning is to produce a healthy copy of a sick person's tissue or organ for transplant
Therapeutic cloning
Describe an enucleated cell
Cell with nucleus removed
What is involved in a somatic cell transfer
The nucleus from a somatic sell is transferred into an enucleated egg cell.
Why is a cloned cell or tissue better then a donated one?
Patient's own cell or tissue has less chance of rejection.
Identical twins can be considered clones because
They have the same DNA
What is Cloning
Cloning in biology is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals
3 Reasons why people clone
1. Raising healthy livestock 2. Recreating loved animals (this is considered wrong by a majority of people who believe that animals should be unique) 3.Regenerating endangered species (China keeps cloned cells of the panda bear in case it comes close to extinction) 4. Experimenting with cloned cells to recreate organs
for the purposes of cloning a surrogate mother must...
Be closely related or similar species
Identify a disadvantages of reproductive cloning
Lack of diversity
destruction of embryos
Expensive
True/ False
Enucleated cells are viable and able to survive. Explain your response
False
they have no nucleus to generated proteins for cell processes.