Nez Perce
What were cattle drivers?
Cowboys who herded cattle to the market or the northern Plains for grazing.
Which coasts would the transcontinental railroad link?
The Atlantic and Pacific Coasts
This precious metal, discovered in California in 1848, sparked a massive migration westward.
what is gold?
Where did Chief Joseph live?
Wallowa Valley of eastern Oregon.
What is the Chisholm Trail?
This famous trail, established in the 1860s, was a major route for driving cattle from Texas to Kansas. It was named after a man who played a crucial role in its development
Who took charge of the construction on the Union Pacific Railroad?
Grenville Dodge
This mining technique, involving digging a network of tunnels and shafts to extract ore, was commonly used in mountainous regions.
What is hard-rock mining?
After the American Indians in Joseph's group killed soldiers, where did they head to?
Canada
Why was Abilene an important part of Texas' economy
The Pacific Railroad went through it.
What race of workers were called to finish construction?
The Chinese
This boomtown, located in Nevada, experienced a rapid rise and fall due to the discovery of the Comstock Lode, a rich source of silver.
What is Virginia City?
What was Joseph's cause of death listed as?
A broken heart
What severe weather events posed a significant threat to cattle herds during long drives across the plains?
What are blizzards? (or winter storms)
When the two Railroad lines meet?
On May 10,1869
The environmental impact of mining in the West often included this process, where the leftover waste rock and tailings polluted streams and rivers.
What is acid mine drainage? (Accept similar answers like "water pollution from mining")
Where are the "reservations" for the Indians located?
Lapwai, Idaho
What Kansas town boomed as a major shipping point for cattle driven along the Chisholm Trail
What is Abilene?
How many workers came from China to help build the Railroads?
About 12,000 Chinese laborers worked for the Central Pacific
This 1872 law allowed individuals to claim and develop mineral resources on federal lands, significantly impacting Western settlement and resource extraction.
What is the Mining Act of 1872? (Accept similar answers like "General Mining Act")