Definitions
high platelet count
thrombocytosis
what activates the clotting process
collagen
what vitamin should be avoided
vitamin K
are platelets high or low
low (thrombocytopenia)
what is tested in an occult stool test
blood in stool that cannot be seen by the naked eye
Pinpoint round spot formed on skin
Petechia
steps of the clotting process
vasoconstriction, platelet plug, activation of clotting factors, coagulation cascade
why are clots less likely in arteries
high pressure
what does excessive bleeding cause
decreased coagulation factors, decreased blood vessel integrity
why may an ultrasound be used
check for a venous thrombi
enzyme that causes clotting by activating fibrinogen
thrombin
what happens during vasoconstriction
reduce blood flow which allow blood to coagulate
poor perfusion, thrombocytosis
4 clinical managements
apply pressure first, apply ice, prepare for transfusion, fall precaution
what is the difference between PT and PTT
PT: extrensic system PTT: intrinsic system
blood clot that breaks lose and travels down the bloodstream
embolus
what are the steps of the coagulation cascade
factor x, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin, clot is formed
6 assessments of excessive clotting
swelling in lower extremities, redness, pain, stroke, resp. distress, change in LOC
6 nursing educations
avoid activities that may cause bleeding, examine nose/gums for bleeding, notify dentist before dental work, avoid anticoagulant medications, increase vitamin K, no tattoos/piercings
what does INR test for
how long it takes for blood to clot
hematopoiesis
what are the steps of the platelet plug
activation of platelets, adhesion of platelets (platelets roll onto site but do not stick), aggregation of platelets (platelets stick together)
6 nursing education
anticoagulants, decrease vitamin K, compression socks, ambulate, lifestyle change, no oral contraceptives
what are the assessment findings
bleeding, bruising, hematuria, occult blood in stool, pain/swelling in joints, enlarged spleen, change in LOC, menorrhagia, tachypnea, tachycardic, hypotension
what does D-Dimer test for
assess the activity of thrombin and plasmin, nonspecific