Change Orders
A bilateral agreement to change the scope of a project.
What is a change order?
Money that has been spent in the past; should not be considered when deciding whether a project should proceed.
What is sunk cost?
This must be clarified with sub-contractors before we can buy out the job.
What is the Scope?
These visually show the changes made in the field.
What are "as-built" drawings?
These are used for a contractor to query the design professional regarding the drawings or specifications.
What are Requests for Information (RFIs)?
A mistake in the drawings, specifications, or both, that materially affect the contractor(s).
What is an error?
An estimate commonly used by contractors to discuss specific types of projects with clients.
What is a Rough Order of Magnitude estimate?
One of the most contentious jobs on a project site.
What is job site cleaning?
A quality assurance process of documentation, training, adjustment, testing, and verification, performed specifically to ensure that the finished facility operates in accordance with the owner’s documented project requirements and the construction documents.
What is commissioning?
Issued by the architect providing further information about something in the drawings or the specifications, typically not associated with any cost or time.
What is architect's supplemental instruction.
This limits the owner to fundamentally change the scope of a project.
What is the Cardinale Change Doctrine?
This type of procurement is one in which only one supplier can provide the commodity, technology and /or perform the services required.
What is a sole source procurement?
These are helpful when negotiating change orders with sub-contractors.
What are unit prices?
These form the basis from which all design, construction, acceptance and operational decisions are made on ap project.
What are the Owner's Project Requirements (OPR)?
To compensate for the unknown or unanticipated, this can be added to a schedule.
What is float?
Monetary payment stipulated in the contract paid by a contractor for each day they are late on a project.
What are liquidated damages?
This type of procurement requires one specific supplier to provide the commodity, technology, and/or services required, even though other suppliers may be able to provide the needed commodity, technology, and/or services
What is a single source procurement?
This document stipulates that all proceeds from the previous payment have been used to pay for all material, labor and equipment installed during the last pay period.
What is a lien waiver?
The process of adjusting mechanical equipment, testing it to ensure it is performing to specifications and that all the liquid and air flows are according to the design.
What is Testing, Adjusting & Balancing or TAB?
These documents are considered legal records and can be introduced into court to document events that transpired throughout the life of the project.
What are daily reports?
Costs associated with a change order which are not labor, material, equipment, OH&P costs, but are costs that are incurred due to the change.
What are impact costs?
The cost considers the total cost of ownership, or development plus support costs, for a project.
What is life cycle costing?
Additional material and accessories designated in the design specifications to be turned over at the end of a project.
What is attic stock?
These are collected throughout the project's life, assembled toward the end and turned over to the owner for their use after the project is complete.
What are operations and maintenance (O&M) manuals?
Some contracts require the submission of this, along with submittals, to know when the contractor needs submittals approved.
What is a submittal schedule or log?