The
Used in addition to conventional treatment
Complimentary medicine
Small amount to maintain homeostasis; promote physiological reactions; obtained from typical diet usually; diet not adequate; problem with absorption or metabolism of specific vitamins or minerals; specific need for specific situation
When it is appropriate to take a CAM/vitamin/mineral
Which oral administration has a fairly rapid onset, fairly easy to adjust dose and avoids 1st pass effect?
Oromucosal sprays
High, giddiness, increased perception, euphoria, confusion, hallucinations, panic rxn, paranoia, decreased cognition, alertness, rxn time, decreased balane, coordination
MJ: acute CNS effects
What are the 4 stages of general anesthesia?
1. analgesia
2. excitement/delirium
3. surgical anesthesia
4. medullary paralysis
Name the 4 concerns about CAMs
1. safety
2. reporting use
3. quality/purity
4. delayed use of conventional meds
Used as substitute for more conventional treatment
Alternative medicine
Which oral administration is easy, convenient, has no respiratory issues, has a long delay before onset/peak effects and is difficult to adjust dose
Edibles
Often defines as > 5 meds; patients drug regime includes one or more unnecessary med; no apparent reason for drug; contraindicated drugs; interacting drug; inappropriate dose
Polypharmacy
Type of anesthesia that takes effect more slowly, but easier to control level of anesthesia
Inhalation agents
High doses can be harmful, especially fat soluble; signs of toxicity; if it is interfering with other medications
When it is inappropriate to take a CAM/vitamin/mineral
What are the components of marijuana used medically
THC and CBD
Which type of oral administration is the best method for regulating dose and has a long delay before onset/peak?
Tablets/capsules
Dependence and addiction, tolerance and withdrawal, decreased balance, coordination, rxn time, adverse CV, respiratory effects, no well understood otherwise
Chronic CNS effects
Use of 2 or more agents to provide anesthesia; combination of injected and inhaled and other drugs before surgery
Balanced anesthesia
Pain; spasticity; seizures; nausea, vomiting, appetite stimulant; glaucoma; anxiety, psychosis
Indication for use of medical marijuana
Which type of administration method of marijuana provides rapid onset and effects, easy to adjust dose, may damage respiratory tissues and may contain toxins in plant?
Smoking
Contain CBD and is applied via a cream, lotion, or salve that can penetrate through the skin to treat sub-q structures?
Topical and transdermal administration
Decreased mass; decreased blood flow; decreased enzyme activity on the liver
Metabolism
Type of anesthesia that takes effect quickly, but more difficult to control level of anesthesia
IV agents
Which type of administration method of marijuana has a less chance of respiratory damage?
What are the types of oral methods of medical marijuana? (3)
1. Edibles (brownies, cookies, candy)
2. Tablets/capsules
3. Oromucosal sprays
Increased HR, BP, myocardial O2 demands, increased risk of ischemic stroke
Increased nausea/vomiting
Airway inflammation, airflow obstruction, wheezing, cough, increased sputum
Potential negative/adverse effects of medical marijuana on the body
Decreased mass; decreased blood flow, GFR; decreased tubular function of the kidneys
Elimination
Muscle soreness; chills, shivering; nausea, vomiting; sore throat; cognitive effects:
- short term confusion, lethargy quite common due to redistribution of anesthesia combined with pain meds
- possible long term, effects on cognition/intellect; esp. in older adults and patient with comorbidities (ex: HF, parkinsonism, Alzheimer)
Residual effects of general anesthesia