Key Terms
templates through which we organize our world developed from previous experiences
What is a self-schema?
Founded by Carl Rogers, known for its nondirective style that emphasizes active listening, unconditional positive regard, congruence and accurate empathic understanding
What is person-centered or humanistic therapy?
Dean Dermer passes me in the hall and fails to say "Hi." I think, "The dean snubbed me."
What is personalization?
A husband accuses his spouse of not loving him when, in fact, it is he who does not love his spouse
What is projection?
Who is Martin Seligman?
the sum total of our beliefs about our world often socialized into us from our culture through our parents/family system
What is a worldview?
The goal of this therapy is correcting the problem behavior
What is behavioral therapy?
My son comes home late one night and that leads me to conclude, "He never comes home on time!"
A person who is not hired for a position that she truly wanted states that she probably would have hated the job if she got it anyway
What is rationalization?
Wilhelm Wundt, who created the first experimental laboratory, defined psychology as this
What is the study of immediate experience?
The activity where counselors represent the interests and rights of an entire group
What is class advocacy?
What is the strive for superiority?
You think you are either 100% ready for this exam or you are definitely going to fail.
What is dichotomous thinking?
A 6-year-old child experiencing the divorce of parents begins nocturnal bed-wetting after 4 years of appropriate bladder control
What is regression?
A former patient of mental hospitals who wrote A Mind that Found Itself
Who is Clifford Beers?
All people have an inherent tendency to develop all of their capacities in ways that serve to maintain and enhance the person
What is the actualizing tendency?
In family therapy, A happens when boundaries are fuzzy, B happens when boundaries are too rigid, and C happens when a third person/object is brought in to stabilize a two-person relationship
What is A = enmeshment, B = disengagement, and C = triangulation?
After receiving a C on my Wellness Paper, I conclude "I might as well drop out of my master's program since I will never be a good counselor."
What is arbitrary inference?
Unlike the type that is experienced when there's an accurately perceived external threat, this is the emotional response to the threat that an unconscious impulse will emerge into one's awareness
What is neurotic anxiety?
Argued that neuropathologies were the cause of all psychological disorders in his book, The Pathology and Treatment of Mental Disorders
Who is Wilhelm Greisinger?
Adlerian technique where the counselor reframes the client's behavior to make it less appealing or desirable
What is spitting in the client's soup?
In behavior therapy, you should know your ABCs, and and in rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), you should know your ABCDEs [what ABC + ABCDE stand for]
What is Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence, and what is Activating Event, Beliefs (Irrational), Consequences (Emotional and Behavioral), Dispute Irrational Thoughts, and Experience a Positive Effect?
All four inferential errors and examples for each one
What is:
(a) single-cause etiology: One cause for the client's problem while missing all other alternatives (e.g. It's all because he's an alcoholic.)
(b) Availability heuristic: risk using the model that is most available in your consciousness than the one that is most relevant (e.g. I just took a training in EFT yesterday so I'm seeing all my clients as having attachment problems)
(c) Fundamental attribution error: explain our behavior in terms of situational characteristics and others' behavior as due to personal characteristics (e.g. I'm always late because of traffic; Tim has poor time management skills)
(d) Illusory correlation: perceive two independent events occurring together in time as being related (e.g. client first started feeling anxious all the time after losing their dog; lost dog = anxiety)
Get all three right for full credit!
(1) A college student who wants to drop our of his program signs up for an overload of classes for the semester.
(2) Experienced as guilt or shame resulting from a perceived threat of disapproval or punishment
(3) A "failure" in object relations when the good and bad do not synthesize
What are:
(1) reaction formation?
(2) moral anxiety?
(3) splitting?
Lightning Round!
A) The founder of social work
B) Theorized operant conditioning
C) Founder of narrative therapy (2 possible)
D) Key theorist in feminist therapy
E) The woman who founded Emotionally Focused Therapy
F) Established the Juvenile Psychopathic Institute in Chicago (1908)
A) Who is Dorothea Dix?
B) Who is B.F. Skinner?
C) Who is David Epstein OR Michael White?
D) Who is Jean Baker Miller, Carolyn Enns, OR Olivia Espin?
E) Who is Susan Johnson?
F) Who is William Healy?