Chapter 15 A
How would you test the temperature of a resident's food?
Place your hand over the top of the dish to sense the heat.
What is a bedside commode and who should use one?
A chair with a toilet seat and removable containing for someone to use for elimination.
This should be used for someone who is able to get out of bed but unable to walk to the bathroom.
What are the 4 consistencies that liquids can be?
thin, nectar, honey, pudding
The name for the muscle contractions that move food through the GI tract.
peristalsis
Name 2 of the 3 things the book discusses as influencing people's food preferences.
Culture
Religion
Geography
Name 2 products people consume that are high in sugar and calories but have little nutritional value.
sugar
sweets
syrups
jellies
sugary drinks, candy etc.
What are the medications called that cause people to have more frequent urination?
Diuretics
A resident drank half of a 6 oz. glass of juice and all of his 8 oz glass of water. How much intake would you record and in what unit?
330 mL
Explain the difference between and colostomy and an ileostomy and the stool you would expect out of each.
Colostomy is from the colon; stool is typically formed or semi-formed
Ileostomy is from the small intestine, stool is typically liquid
Name 3 foods where protein is found.
Meat
Fish/Seafood
Eggs
Tofu/Beans
Daily
Nuts
How is dietary fiber beneficial? (2 ways)
Helps improve bowel elimination and provide a feeling of fullness
What changes in urine should be reported to the nurse? (give 3)
cloudy
dark or rust colored
strong, offensive or fruity odor
pain, burning, or pressure with urination
blood or mucous
incontinence (in someone who is typically continent)
Name 2 things you might notice in a person who has fluid overload.
Swelling/edema
weight gain
decreased urine output
shortness of breath
increased heart rate
anxiety
skin that appears tight, smooth, and shiny
How much stool should be collected for a stool sample and what might the stool be tested for? (name 2 things)
2 tablespoons
blood, pathogens, and fats
50% of grain intake should come from whole grains. Whole grains contain what 2 things in addition to the endosperm?
Bran and Germ
This macronutrient, as it breaks down, can damage the kidneys and may be limited in a person with kidney disease.
Protein
What type of urine specimen requires cleaning first and attempting to obtain the urine after the person has voided a small amount?
Midstream urine specimen
What are the 3 macronutrients and what do they do for our bodies?
Protein: build and repair
Fat: store energy, and some vitamins
Carbohydrates: Provide energy (main)
What is the difference between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and irritable bowel disease (IBD)
IBS: condition that causes constipation and/or diarrhea regularly and may be accompanied by bloating, pain, gas. Caused by a communication error between nervous system and digestive tract
IBD: IBD, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's; all cause inflammation of the GI tract. Caused by immune system response
What type of diet would you expect to be ordered for someone with high blood pressure, heart disease, or fluid retention?
Low sodium
What is the term for difficult swallowing? If a resident has an affected side, what side should the nursing assistant place food when assisting a resident with eating?
Dysphasia
Non-affected or stronger side
What are the steps when assisting with cleaning a resident's catheter? (2 things)
Wash away from the insertion site, and only move the washcloth in one direction (away from the meatus)
Use a clean area of the washcloth for every stroke.
When working with an individual who has a tube feeding how high should the HOB be elevated always? During feeding? What is one of the greatest risks for them? And what illness can this lead to?
30 degrees
45 degrees
Aspiration
Pneumonia
Name 3 of the 4 enemas discussed in the book and explain what the differences are between them.
tap water: uses 500-1000 mL water from the faucet
Soapsuds: 500-1000 mL water with 5 mL mild castile soap added
Saline: 500-1000 mL water with 2 teaspoons of salt added
commercially prepared: 120 mL solution (may have oil or other additives)
What do the following terms mean?
NPO
NCS
nothing by mouth
no concentrated sweets