CNS Anatomy
Brain Physiology
Spinal Cord
Synapse Transmission
Misc. Awake Crani
100
Broca’s area, responsible for motor speech production, is located in this lobe of the dominant cerebral hemisphere.
What is the frontal lobe?
100
This gas is the primary regulator of cerebral vascular tone, with increases causing cerebral vasodilation and increases in cerebral blood flow.
What is carbon dioxide (CO₂)?
100
These vessels provide blood flow to the posterior spinal cord and supply sensory pathways involved in fine touch and position sense.
What are the posterior spinal arteries?
100
This excitatory neurotransmitter is the most abundant in the central nervous system.
What is glutamate?
100
During cortical language mapping, the surgeon request complete patient cooperation. This scalp nerve block provides sensation to the majority of the frontal and parital scalp but is often inadequate unless combined with blockade of other sensory nerves
What is the supraorbital nerve block?
200
In a healthy adult, cerebral blood flow is maintained relatively constant over this mean arterial pressure range by cerebral autoregulation.
What is between 60 and 150 mmHg?
200
Cushings Triad
What is irregular respirations, bradycardia and hypertension?
*What does this signify?
200
The anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord, including motor pathways, are supplied by this longitudinal artery.
What is the anterior spinal artery?
200
This inhibitory neurotransmitter is the primary target of many intravenous and volatile anesthetics.
What is GABA?
200
The most common intraop complication during awake crani requiring immediate intervention is this event, which is frequently triggered by direct cortical stimulation.
What is an intraop seizure
300
Wernicke’s area, responsible for language comprehension, is located in this lobe of the dominant cerebral hemisphere.
What is the temporal lobe?
300
Most intravenous anesthetic agents produce this combined effect on cerebral metabolism and cerebral blood flow. (decrease/increase etc)
What is decrease CMRO₂ and CBF?
300
Usually originating between T9 and T12 on the left side, this artery is crucial for blood supply to the lumbosacral spinal cord.
What is the artery of Adamkiewicz?
300
Patients with this disorder commonly present with proximal muscle weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes.Improves with time
What is Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?
300
A special class of cholinesterase inhibitors that have been used in ophthalmology and as pesticides, form stable, irreversible bonds to the enzyme for a long-lasting effect that persists beyond the persistence of the drug in the circulation.
What are organophosphates?
400
Patients with these spinal cord injuries are at greatest risk for autonomic hyperreflexia during surgery or bladder distention.
What are spinal cord injuries above T6?
400
In neurocritical care, maintaining this equation above a critical threshold helps ensure adequate cerebral blood flow.
What is CPP = MAP − ICP?
400
After a spinal cord injury, this is the approximate time window during which succinylcholine may still be used before significant extrajunctional acetylcholine receptor upregulation develops.
What is 24–48 hours?
400
This neurotransmitter is the primary chemical messenger used by the peripheral nervous system at the neuromuscular junction.
What is acetylcholine?
400
When planning neuraxial anesthesia, anesthesiologists use caution with this disease because spinal anesthesia has been associated with postoperative symptom exacerbation in some patients.
What is multiple sclerosis?
500
This inherited neuromuscular disorder is associated with life-threatening hyperkalemia and rhabdomyolysis after succinylcholine administration.
What is Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
500
Following a seizure or sudden increase in intracranial pressure, this pulmonary complication may occur due to catecholamine release and pulmonary capillary leak.
What is neurogenic pulmonary edema?
500
This intraoperative monitoring technique evaluates the functional integrity of sensory pathways in the spinal cord by stimulating peripheral nerves and recording cortical responses.
What are somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs)?
500
This exception to the sympathetic nervous system rule is frequently tested: these glands receive sympathetic innervation but release acetylcholine rather than norepinephrine.
What are eccrine sweat glands?
500
Following a traumatic brain injury or neurosurgical procedure involving the pituitary, this condition may develop due to damage to the posterior pituitary or hypothalamus.
What is diabetes insipidus?