Old white guys
Congruence
Unconditional positive regard
Empathy
Who is Carl Rogers?
The ultimate concerns of death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness produce this symptom.
What is anxiety?
In Freud's structural approach, this force represents one's conscious decision making and includes memory, logical thought, and the use of defense mechanisms.
What is the ego?
This technique allows clients to work out internal or interpersonal conflict through top dog and underdog polarities, often requiring them to shift where they are sitting.
What is empty chair?
Involves gathering together and organizing knowledge about a particular object or phenomenon and is used to generate a hypothesis about human thinking, emotions, and behavior.
What is a theory?
Gemeinschaftsgefühl (social interest)
Vollkommenheit (completeness or superiority)
Ermutigung (encouragement)
Who is Alfred Adler?
If an individual should experience only unconditional positive regard, then none of these would develop, self-regard would be unconditional, the needs for positive regard and self-regard would never be at variance with organismic evaluation, and the individual would continue to be psychologically adjusted, and would be fully functioning.
What are conditions of worth?
This Existential way of being refers to being-with-others or the social world.
What is mitwelt?
In this kind of testing, we might provide ambiguous stimulus that clients interpret (e.g. Rorschach Inkblot Test, the Thematic Apperception Test, free association to specific words, and human figure drawings).
What is projective testing?
A process that involves a trained professional who abides by accepted ethical guidelines and has competencies for working with diverse individuals who are in distress or have life problems that led them to seek help (possibly at the insistence of others) or they may be seeking personal growth, but either way, these parties establish an explicit agreement (informed consent) to work together (more or less collaboratively) toward mutually acceptable goals using theoretically based or evidence-based procedures that, in the broadest sense, have been shown to facilitate human learning or human development or reduce disturbing symptoms.
What is counseling or psychotherapy?
I and thou
Here and now
What and how
Who is Fritz Perls?
When individuals become this, they are unwilling or unable to deal with essential life tasks, and symptoms develop from poor attempts to address life tasks.
What is discouragement?
A single source of energy within people that moves them forward towards actualization.
What is the actualizing or formative tendency?
These are the types of questions an Existential counselor may avoid because they promote intellectualization.
Why?
Includes extratherapeutic factors, the therapeutic relationship, expectancy, and techniques.
What is the Four Factor Model?
Drive or instinct theory
Oedipal and Electra complexes
The unconscious
Who is Sigmund Freud?
When this concept is disturbed (or clients are resistant to it), boundary disturbances of introjection, projection, retroflection, deflection, and confluence emerge and disrupt learning.
What is contact?
Private logic refers to the unique reasoning that individuals use to invent and justify their style of life or personality. This focus on subjective internal experience and reality are in line with this qualitative research method.
What is phenomenology?
Instead of technical strategies, person-centered counselors develop this, incorporating a deep trust for their clients and trust in the power of healing relationships.
What is a way of being?
This kind of research emphasizes external validity (generalizability) and considers the outcome of treatment as it is delivered in real world settings.
What is effectiveness research?
The daimonic
Anxiety
From philosophy to practice
Who is Rollo May?
Psychoanalysts believe in this, or the notion that there is a psychological explanation for every emotion, thought, impulse, and behavior. When the model becomes dysfunctional from over- or underindulgance, a repetition compulsion may occur and continue until adulthood.
What is psychic determinism?
This refers to our ability to shift between cognitive or perceptual focus. We are always a little aware of the background and through counseling intentionally turn up the background noise by shifting focus of awareness.
What is the figure formation process?
This intervention, demonstrated poorly at the beginning of one class, is both a metaphor and technique for spoiling a client's use of avoidance.
What is spitting in the soup?
This ethical essential refers to a client's right to know about and agree to the ways you intend to work with them.
What is informed consent?