Neuron
This is a protective layer that wraps around the axon of a nerve cell. This layer of fat insulates the axon and allows the impulse to travel with speed.
Myelin Sheath
What is the control center of the Neuron called?
Nucleus
What is the name of the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the human body?
Glutamate
What are the 3 main functions of the Central Nervous System?
1. Receives Sensory Info
2. Process that info in the brain(Integration)
3. Responds with Motor Output- or bodily movement-also called creating an action within the body
Your peripheral nervous system is broken down into two main subsystems. What are they called?
Somatic and Autonomic
What is the long slender part of a nerve cell that carries impulses (messages) away from the cell body?
Axon
True or False: The brain holds anywhere from 85-100 billion neurons at any given time?
True
What is the name of the most common inhibitory neuron in the human body?
GABA- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
What is the most important organ in your body?
Brain
How do the somatic and autonomic systems differ? Explain.
Somatic- these are the functions you manage when you are consciously thinking about them. These functions include muscle movement, bending of joints, etc.
Autonomic- functions that take place automatically and most likely you are not thinking about them- Examples include breathing, blood flow, digestion, etc
What is the short branched extension of a nerve cell that receives impulses (messages) from other nerve cells?
Dendrites
The shooting of an impulse (Message) through the neuron and eventually across the synapse is known as __________________ potential.
Action
This neurotransmitter is also called adrenaline?
Epinephrine
List at least 3 brain disease or disorders that affect the central nervous system?
Answers will vary- Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, concussions, CTE, stroke, epilepsy, TBI, seizure, fibromyalgia, migraines, tumors, dementia, etc
The autonomic system is further broken down into two smaller subsystems or branches called the ______________ and ___________________ systems.
Sympathetic (Increases activity of your organs-Fight or Flight Response) and Parasympathetic (Decreases the activity of your organs- Eating or at Rest)
Axon Terminal
______________________ are your body's chemical messengers that carry messages from one nerve cell across the synapse to the next nerve cell.
Neurotransmitters
This neurotransmitter is your body's natural pain reliever?
Endorphins
List at least 3 tests that can be done to check the health of the central nervous system?
CT Scan, MRI, EEG, Lumbar Puncture(Spinal Tap)
According to scientists, the Central Nervous System loos like this object?
Balloon
What is the large core section of the neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles?
Cell Body or Soma
What are the names of the two types of Neurotransmitters?
Excitatory Neurotransmitter- excites or speeds up messages from one nerve cell to the next.
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter- Slows down messages from being passed from one nerve cell to the next.
Your Central Nervous System is made up of what two body parts?
Brain and Spinal Cord
What is the function or the peripheral nervous system or PNS?
Feeds info into your brain from your senses and then carries the brains signals to the outermost parts of your body like toes and fingers.
What is the purpose of the synapse?
Transfer the neurotransmitter (Chemical message) from one nerve cell (neuron) to the next.