Trauma Patterns
What type of trauma disrupts brain and nervous system development when it occurs early in life?
Developmental trauma
Which stress-regulation system is dysregulated by trauma?
The HPA axis
In trauma-exposed individuals, substance use often functions as what psychological process?
Affect regulation
Trauma exposure predicts earlier onset of substance use and faster what?
Escalation to dependence
Trauma-informed care improves both treatment retention and what outcome?
Recovery outcomes / reduced relapse
Which overlooked form of trauma predicts addiction at rates similar to abuse?
Emotional neglect
Trauma-related reductions in baseline dopamine make substances feel more what?
Reinforcing / rewarding
What trauma adaptation involves detachment from emotions or bodily experience?
Dissociation
PTSD increases the likelihood of addiction by how much?
2–4 times
Integrated treatment addresses substance use and what underlying driver simultaneously?
Trauma
Trauma caused by betrayal or abuse is more predictive of addiction than what category of trauma?
Impersonal or accidental trauma
Overlapping neural circuits explain why trauma-related emotional pain resembles what type of pain?
Physical pain
Trauma-related shame most strongly increases vulnerability to what stage of addiction?
Relapse
Trauma cues and stress act as primary what in addiction?
Relapse triggers
Supportive relationships reduce substance reliance by regulating what system?
The nervous system / autonomic system
Through what two mechanisms is trauma transmitted across generations?
Attachment patterns and stress physiology
Reduced prefrontal inhibition in trauma most directly affects what ability?
Impulse control / decision-making
Increased impulsivity and compulsivity are core features of both trauma adaptation and what disorder?
Addiction
Why can withdrawal be more intense in trauma survivors?
Autonomic nervous system dysregulation
Trauma-informed environments emphasize safety, choice, collaboration, and what final principle?
Empowerment
Racism, poverty, and displacement are examples of what trauma category?
Systemic or cultural trauma
Trauma-related anhedonia reflects reduced ability to experience what?
Pleasure
Trauma survivors may use substances both to suppress distress and to counteract what opposite state?
Emotional numbing
Untreated trauma undermines sobriety by maintaining heightened sensitivity to what?
Stress and trauma cues
Addressing trauma improves motivation, emotional regulation, and long-term what?
Recovery stability