Industrial Revolution
In the mid-1700s British inventors built machines that spun wool and cotton into thread. What natural resource was used to power the machines?
water
When you buy shares of ownership in a company to help finance improvements and development you are purchasing what in the company?
stock
What made it possible to produced goods on a mass scale and reduced the price?
Interchangeable parts
Who started the American factory system when he opened a textile factory in 1814 where all the steps of making cloth were done under one roof?
Francis Cabot Lowell
What was the road called that the federal government built to connect Illinois to the East?
The National Road
What did new mechanical inventions of the late 1700s lead to?
the Industrial Revolution
People in the United States put their money into a business hoping to make a profit. What is this type of economic system called?
capitalism
Interchangeable parts were identical machine parts that could be quickly assembled by less-skilled laborers and made machine repair easier. Who first invented them?
Eli Whitney
Why did Southern farmers move west looking for new land.
The cotton gin made it possible to raise larger crops.
What was wrong with river travel?
Most major rivers flowed north to south and going against the current was extremely difficult and slow.
When the Industrial Revolution spread to the United States, in what part of the country did it start?
New England
What is it called when business owners have the freedom to make the products that they think will make the most money and buyers try to find the best products at the
lowest prices?
Free Enterprise
What gives an inventor the legal right to his invention and its profits for a certain period of time.
patent
What is a census?
An official population count
Why couldn’t steam engines be used to power boats in strong currents and wind found in large rivers or open bodies of water?
They weren’t powerful enough.
Why were New England’s fast moving rivers and streams a vital part of the Industrial Revolution in America?
They provided the waterpower needed to run the machines.
How did machines like the spinning jenny, water frame, and the power loom help the textile industry?
They made cloth making easier and cheaper.
Why did Britain pass
laws forbidding their
machinery and
mechanics from
leaving the country?
To keep their new
technology a secret
What did a lot of private companies build to help improve travel and shipping?
turnpikes, or toll roads
Who was hired to build a steamboat with an engine powerful enough to go up the Hudson River from New York City to Albany?
Robert Fulton
How do low taxes, few government regulations, and little competition benefit new industries?
Encourages people to invest in new industries.
What simple machine did Eli Whitney invent in 1793 that enabled one worker to clean cotton as fast as 50 people working by hand?
Cotton Gin
Who stole British
technology and
brought it to the
United States in
1789 by memorizing
the design of the machines in the factory where he worked and sneaking out of Britain ?
Samuel Slater
What did they call roads that were made by laying logs side by side?
"corduroy roads"
What invention made shipping goods by river cheaper and faster and contributed to the growth of river cities?
Steamboats