Anatomy and Types
This congenital defect is defined as a localized narrowing of this major artery.
What is the aorta?
A key physical exam finding is a blood pressure that is higher in these limbs compared to the lower extremities.
What are the upper extremities?
This ultrasound of the heart serves as the primary diagnostic tool for CoA.
What is an echocardiogram?
Coarctation of the aorta is more commonly diagnosed in this gender by a 2:1 ratio.
What is male?
This continuous IV medication is infused in newborns to maintain ductal patency and systemic circulation.
What is Prostaglandin E1?
Anatomically, coarctation of the aorta most commonly occurs near this fetal structure.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
This abnormal heart sound is often heard via stethoscope as blood flows past the narrowed aorta.
What is a heart murmur?
Rib notching caused by enlarged collateral vessels can be visualized on this basic diagnostic image.
What is a chest x-ray?
This genetic condition in females is associated with 10% to 25% of all coarctation cases.
What is Turner Syndrome?
This non-surgical catheter procedure uses a tiny inflated balloon to expand the narrowed vessel.
What is Balloon Angioplasty?
This is the most common anatomical classification/type of coarctation of the aorta.
What is paraductal/juxtaductal coarctation?
In severe neonatal cases, perfusion to the lower body drastically drops when this structure closes after birth.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
An indirect sign of fetal CoA seen on fetal echocardiography is a size mismatch favoring this side of the heart.
What is the right side?
This specific valve anomaly; having two cups instead of three, is the most common associated heart defect with CoA.
What is bicuspid aortic valve?
Surgical repair option where the narrowed segment is removed and the two remaining healthy ends are sewn together.
Structural hypertrophy occurs in this specific chamber of the heart as it pumps against high resistance.
What is the left ventricle?
Poor tissue perfusion and low oxygenation to the lower extremities often lead to this skin discoloration.
What is cyanosis?
This invasive procedure uses a thin tube guided into blood vessels to measure pressure differences directly across the coarctation.
What is cardiac catheterization?
Holes in the septum separating either the ventricles or atria are known by these two acronyms (list one or both)
Ventricular Septal Defects or Atrial Septal Defects
Surgical repair of CoA is typically performed via this left-sided chest incision, which often leads to postoperative atelectasis.
What is a left Thoracotomy?
To bypass the narrowing, the body forms this type of alternative blood vessel network, often causing rib notchings.
What is collateral circulation?
This metabolic condition develops in severe neonatal CoA due to poor systemic perfusion and tissue hypoxia.
What is metabolic acidosis?
An EKG is primarily useful in detecting this secondary structural change coinciding with CoA.
What is left ventricular hypertrophy?
Beyond congenital causes, rare adult cases of coarctation can result from these non-congenital causes.
What are traumatic injury, atherosclerosis (fat/cholesterol build-up), or inflammation of blood vessels?
Following extubation, RTs transition patients to these types of non-invasive support to prevent respiratory relapse.
What is a High-flow NC or a CPAP?