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Landforms
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100

Name the 4 erosional landforms (grouped)

Bays/headlands, Caves/arches/stacks/stumps, Geos/blowholes, Cliffs/Shore platforms

100

Name three erosional and three transportation processes

Erosion: Abrasion (corrasion), Attrition, Hydraulic action, Pounding, Solution 

Transportation: Solution, Suspension, Saltation, Traction, Longshore drift

100

Name the 3 sources of energy available in a system

Kinetic, Potential, Thermal

100

What is the 3 factors that affect climate change

Milankovitch theory, Volcanic activity, Solar activity

100

Where is Sandbanks located?

Dorset, Poole, South Coast

200

What % of beach sediment is supplied by rivers?

Up to 90%

200

What are the two main forms of mass movement?

Rockfall, Slides

200

Name the 3 types of sediment supplies

Terrestrial, Offshore, Human

200

What is the definition of Eustatic change

worldwide change in sea level 

200

Who manages the Sandbanks area? (Two of the three)

The Poole Harbour commissioners, Poole Borough council and Environment agency 

300

How are Geos formed?

Even on coastline with resistant geology, there may be lines of weakness such as joints and faults. Wave action and weathering will erode these lines of weakness more rapidly, especially through processes like hydraulic action. Tunnel-like caves.

300

Name the 3 types of weathering, and give an example for each 

Physical/mechanical: Freeze-thaw, Pressure release, Thermal expansion, Salt crystallisation

Chemical weathering: Oxidation, Carbonation, Solution

Biological: Plant roots

300

What is the process triggered when coastal landscapes come out of equilibrium?

Positive feedback

300

What is a raised beach?

Former shore platforms that are left at a higher level than the present sea level. They are often found a distance inland from the present coastline 

300

What is the net increase of beach sediment 2008-2011 at Saltburn?

9245m3

400

How are spits formed?

  1. Longshore drift (LSD) transports sediment along the     coastline due to the prevailing wind and wave direction.
  2.  
  3. Where     the coastline changes direction sharply (e.g., at a river mouth or     headland), the sediment continues to be carried out to sea in the same     direction.
  4.  
  5. Deposition     occurs as wave energy decreases, building up a ridge of sediment extending     from the shore.

  7. The     end of the spit often curves (a “hooked” or “recurved” end) due to     secondary winds or wave refraction.
  8. Behind     the spit, sheltered water allows mudflats or saltmarshes to develop     through further deposition.
400

What are aeolian processes?

The actions of the wind that shape coastal landscapes through erosion

400

How many sediment cells are there around the coast of Wales and England?

11

400

What is the term for the period of sea level rise where it rose to its present level?

Flandrian Transgression

400

What is the total length of coastline at the Rhone Delta

90Km

500

Name the 3 types of deltas 

Cuspate, Arcuate, Birds foot

500

What is Van't-Hoff's law?

It states that a 10 degree increase in temperature leads to a 2.5 times increase in the rate of chemical reactions

500

Name 3 of the 5 physical factors that influence coastal landscapes

Wind, Waves, Tides, Geology, Currents
500

What are the characteristics of Rias and Fjords (2 for each)

RIAS:

  • submerged river valleys
  • The     lowest part of a river may be completely drowned
  • With     the higher land forming the tops of the valley sides (and middle/upper     course remain exposed)

  • FJORDS:
  • Have     steep, cliff like valley slides
  •  Water     is uniformly deep - usually over 100m
  •  The     U-shape reflects the original shape of the glaciated valley

 

500

On the Mangawhai-Pakiri coastline, what was the height of the breached spit after the storm in 1978?

28m