External Demands On MNE's
These are three external forces that MNEs must balance in global strategy.
What are cross-border integration, national differentiation, and worldwide innovation?
The three components of worldwide innovation.
What are opportunity sensing, innovation development, and worldwide implementation?
A formal collaboration between firms where each remains legally independent.
What is a strategic alliance?
This person manages the MNE’s local subsidiary and balances HQ and host-country expectations.
Who is the country manager?
The three core competitive capabilities needed to support transnational strategy.
What are global efficiency, local responsiveness, and global learning?
This pressure requires standardizing operations for global efficiency.
What is cross-border integration? Or Global Integration
The route where innovation begins locally and is later shared globally.
What is subsidiary-originated innovation?
This alliance structure involves shared ownership of a new entity.
What is a joint venture?
The four metaphorical roles of a country manager.
What are Pioneer, Trader, Intelligence Agent, and Quarterback?
The three organizational perspectives needed to support transnational design.
What are structural, process, and cultural perspectives?
This pressure comes from differences in culture, consumer preferences, and regulation.
What is national differentiation or responsiveness?
A collaborative route where multiple countries pool resources to innovate.
What is pooled or joint innovation?
Name three types of non-equity strategic alliances.
What are licensing, franchising, R&D consortia, or cooperation agreements?
Four types of skills a country manager must master.
What are entrepreneurial, administrative, strategic, and executive?
This perspective focuses on redefining how information and collaboration work.
What is the process perspective?
These three host-country stakeholder groups form “national constituent interests.”
What are employees, consumers, and unions?
This concept describes developing innovations in emerging markets first, then transferring them to developed countries.
What is reverse innovation?
This checklist helps assess and manage strategic alliances.
What is the joint venture checklist?
Two types of external pressures a CM faces in the host country.
What are national constituent interests and host government expectations?
This is often the hardest organizational dimension to manage across borders.
What is the cultural perspective?
This strategy attempts to respond to all three external forces simultaneously.
What is a transnational strategy?
True or false: Innovation is linear and easily planned across MNEs.
What is false? It involves serendipity, creativity, and trial & error.
Two major reasons alliances fail.
What are cultural mismatch and misaligned goals/trust breakdown?
This role involves building the team and representing the local voice to HQ.
What is the Quarterback?
This paradox captures the simultaneous need to centralize and adapt locally.
What is the integration–responsiveness paradox?