Cognitive Psychology
the acquisition, storage, transformation, and use of knowledge.
What is cognition?
the outer layer of the brain that is essential for your cognitive processes.
uses previous knowledge to gather and interpret the stimuli registered by the senses.
What is Perception?
people are much more accurate in identifying upright faces compared to upside-down faces
What is face-inversion effect?
the basic unit of spoken language, such as the sounds a, k, and th.
What is a phoneme?
Emphasized the importance of empirical evidence, and examined the concepts of perception, memory and mental imagery.
What is Aristotle?
the destruction of an area in the brain, most often by strokes, tumors, blows to the head, and accidents.
what is brain lesions?
covers the inside back portion of your eye
what is retina?
disability that inhibits the recognition of human faces, though objects are perceived relatively normally
What is prosopagnosia?
According to this, humans are born with a specialized device that allows us to decode speech stimuli.
What is the special mechanism approach?
objective, observable reactions to stimuli in the environment, rather than on subjective processes.
What is Behaviorism?
PET scans, fMRIs, ERPs, and MEGs
What is brain-imaging techniques?
emphasizes that the stimulus characteristics are important when you recognize an object
What is bottom-up processing?
technique for obtaining images of human brain activity.
What is fMRI?
the influence of visual information on speech perception, when individuals must integrate both visual and auditory information.
What is McGurk effect?
the observation that our recall is especially accurate for the final items in a series of stimuli (such as a list of words or numbers).
what is the recency effect?
argued that our mental processes are similar to the operations of a computer, and information progresses through our cognitive system in a series of stages, one step at a time.
What is information-processing approach?
emphasizes how a person’s concepts, expectations, and memory can influence object recognition
What is Top-down processing?
psychological disorder that may make an individual perform poorly on many cognitive tasks or have difficulty perceiving faces and facial expressions.
What is schizophrenia?
term used to refer to the observation that different speakers of the same language produce the same sound differently.
What is inter-speaker variability?
emphasizes that we humans have basic tendencies to actively organize what we see, and furthermore, that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
what is Gestalt Psychology?
combines the research techniques of cognitive psychology with various methods for assessing the structure and function of the brain
What is cognitive neuroscience?
Consists of the distal stimulus, proximal stimulus, and iconic or visual sensory memory.
What is the Visual System?