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Physical Development
Social-Emotional Development
Cognitive Development
100
One’s background knowledge or current knowledge base
What is SCHEMA?
100
He presented moral dilemmas (most famously the Heinz Case) to children and adults to identify his theory of moral development
Who is KOHLBERG?
100
Tying a knot, cutting with scissors and tracing a shape are examples of this type of MOTOR SKILL
What are FINE or SMALL MOTOR SKILLS?
100
According to Erikson, school-age children experience this conflict in their social development (Remember his conflicts always presented one thing versus something else)
What is INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY?
100
This theorist emphasized the importance of language, social interactions, and culture in a child’s cognitive development
Who is VYGOTSKY?
200
Also known as PBS, this is a tiered system the provides varying degrees of preventive measures, supports, and interventions at to increase positive behavior by children in school.
What is PBS?
200
Vygotsky named this strategy in which an adult or other more knowledgeable learner provides prompting, clues, or other supports to advance a student’s learning
What is SCAFFOLDING?
200
The type of MOVEMENT that gets you from one place to another (e.g., crawling, running, hopping)
What is LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENT?
200
According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, humans cannot reach higher levels of self-esteem, thinking ability, or develop an appreciation for aesthetics until these MOST BASIC needs are met (Your answer must be the name of the level on the hierarchy, not a description or an example.)
What are BIOLOGICAL or PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS?
200
During the preoperational stage, children tend to develop this way of thinking that limits their ability to understand other people’s perspectives
What is EGOCENTRIC THINKING? (EGOCENTRISM is an acceptable answer.)
300
VYgotsky called this the distance between what a child can do with assistance and what they can complete without assistance (full name or acronym acceptable)
What is the ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT or ZPD?
300
Piaget's description of how we learn includes this step, when the mind MODIFIES or CHANGES what it knows about something, in order for learning to occur
What is ACCOMMODATION?
300
The first critical or sensitive period for MOTOR (not physical) DEVELOPMENT (answer may be given in months
What is 18 months to 60 months or 1-5 years?
300
According to Piaget, younger school-age children are in this stage of moral development where they think “the rules are the rules and they can’t be changed or challenged.”
What is MORAL REALISM?
300
During the Concrete Operational Stage, students develop this ability to understand quantity or amounts do not necessarily change, even when their physical make-up is changed
What is CONSERVATION?
400
Vygotsky said that to better understand what they are learning, children will often do this, whereby they verbalize their ideas out loud to themselves
What is SELF-DIRECTED SPEECH?
400
The preoperational child’s difficulty in retracing one’s steps or completing mental processes backwards
What is IRREVERSIBILITY?
400
The principle which states that growth occurs from HEAD to FOOT or TOP to BOTTOM
What is CEPHALOCAUDAL GROWTH?
400
Although most children seek out autonomy (independence) at a young age, they tend to remain this way, “governed by others” in terms of rules and rule-making
What is HETERONOMOUS? (HETERONOMY is an acceptable answer.)
400
The ability to think about thinking or about the thought process
What is METACOGNITION or METAMEMORY?
500
One of the most commonly used IQ tests
What is ... STANFORD-BINET WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE (WISC) KAUFMANN ABC WOODCOCK JOHNSON? (Any of these four IQ tests is an acceptable response.)
500
A child’s inability to see causality (cause-effect relationships)
What is TRANSDUCTIVE REASONING?
500
If growth is slowed for a particular reason, such as malnutrition or illness, the body will try to catch up when it is able to do so. This is called…
What is OPTIMAL TENDENCY IN GROWTH?
500
This theorist developed Self-Esteem Theory. He argues AGAINST the use of CONDITIONAL positive regard, whereby a child is supported emotionally and nurtured ONLY WHEN he achieves or does something positive
Who is ROGERS?
500
The ability to process information quickly and without much thought or effort (e.g., knowing 2+2 = 4 or being able to tie your shoes without thinking about the various steps in the process)
What is AUTOMATICITY?