cognition/thinking
focuses on the study of higher mental process
What is cognitive psychology?
General to the Specific
What is Deductive Reasoning?
Nature of the problem and the information needed to solve are clear
What is Well-defined problem?
Sudden awareness of the relationships among various elements that had previously appeared to be independent of one another
What is an Insight?
Language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning
What is Learning Theory approach?
brain activity in which in which people mentally manipulate information information including words, visual images, sounds, or other data
What is Thinking?
Specific to the general
What is Inductive Reasoning?
Nature of the problem and the information needed to solve are unclear
What is Ill-defined problem?
Tendency to think of an object only in terms its typical use
What is Functional fixedness?
Humans are biologically pre-wired to learn language at certain times and in particular ways
What is Nativist Approach?
Mental groupings of similar objects, events, or people
What is Concepts?
Rule that, if applied appropriately, guarantees a solution to a problem.
Example: a2+b2=c2
What is Algorithm?
Require the problem solver to rearrange elements in a way that will satisfy a certain criterion
What is Arrangement Problems?
Tendency to approach a problem in a certain way because that method worked previously
What is Mental set?
Combination of genetically determined predispositions and environmental circumstances
What is an Interactionist approach?
Highly representative examples of a concept
What is Prototypes?
Thinking strategy that may lead to a solution but may sometimes lead to errors
What is Heuristic?
Person must identify the existing relationships among the elements presented presented and then construct a new relationship among them
What is Problems of inducing structure?
Tendency to find and apply information that supports one's initial solution or idea and to ignore information that does not support it
What is Confirmation Bias?
Language shapes and may determine the way people perceive and understand the world
What is Linguistic- Relativity Hypothesis
Repeated tests for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exists
What is Means-ends analysis?
Judging the probability of an event occurring on the basis of how easy it is to think of examples
What is Availability?
Consist of an initial state, a goal state, and a method for changing the initial state into the goal state
What is Transformation problem?
study of the smallest units of speech
What is Phonology?
Sentences in which only essential words are used
What is Telegraphic Speech?