"Good, you identified the actual suspect."
"That's the guy!"
"Yes, number three is the one who has a prior record for this type of thing."
Etc.
100
Give one example of a poor questioning tactic.
-Interrupting the witness
-Asking direct, short-answer questions
-Not using open-ended questions
-Asking compound questions
-Asking suggestive or leading questions
100
In what city was Brandon Mayfield arrested as a material witness because of faulty fingerprint analysis after the 2004 train bombings?
Madrid.
100
What is the most common type of lie detection that is NOT admissible in court?
Polygraph testing.
100
What is the definition of a false confession?
An admission of guilt for a crime that the confessor did not commit.
200
What is social contagion?
False memories planted by social influence.
200
There are three core elements of Cognitive Interviews. Name one.
Give one example when earwitness identification might be the only form of identification available.
Examples: visually handicapped, perpetrator’s face is disguised, crime occurring at night/in the dark, crime occurring over the telephone, etc.
200
What method of lie detection is an alternative to the polygraph and measures pupil dilation, response time, and reading time.
Eye tracking.
200
In which type of false confession does the person genuinely believe they have committed the crime?
Internalized False Confession.
300
In Loftus' classic post-event information study, which two words yielded the highest and lowest speed estimates in the sentence: "How fast were the cars going when they __________ each other".
Fastest: Smashed
Slowest: Contacted
300
Why is it important that interviewees have an option to say they "don't know"?
To discourage them from guessing.
300
In earwitness lineups, what method is better than a live presentation of the voices?
Tape recordings.
300
Paul Ekman pioneered the study of ____________, the link between emotions and nonverbal communication, in the 1950s.
Microexpressions.
300
Besides coercion and interrogation, what is one other way that false confessions can be induced?
-Mental disorder
-Incompetency of the accused
400
Commitment effects are an example of what kind of error?
Source monitoring.
400
What does it mean to develop rapport?
Building relation, connection, and understanding between the interviewer and the witness.
400
What is the best size for earwitness lineups? (AKA: how many people per lineup yields the best results?)
6 (5 foils and 1 suspect).
400
What one group of people is significantly better than chance at detecting lying?
Secret Service Agents.
400
What is the main cause of voluntary false confession?
Sacrificial; to divert attention from the actual perpetrator.
500
In Loftus' classic post-event information study, what question tested for the misinformation effect?
"Did you see the broken glass?"
500
In what part of the cognitive interview will the majority of the witness's total knowledge be elicited?
The Open-Ended Narration
500
Between fingerprint experts and novices, which type of fingerprint comparison yielded the biggest difference in accuracy?
Similar distractors.
500
List 5 out of the 7 universal emotions studied by Paul Ekman.