Sensation, Perception and Conscious
What is the process of receiving information from the environment through the five senses?
Sensation
This type of learning occurs when a response is strengthened or weakened based on favorable or unfavorable consequences.
Operant Conditioning
What is the loss of information in memory through nonuse called?
Decay
What is the mental manipulation of information?
Thinking
This is defined as the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules.
Language
What is the term for how the brain interprets sensory information?
Perception
According to Thorndike’s Law of Effect, what happens to responses that lead to satisfying consequences?
They will be repeated.
This is the cognitive "workspace" where we temporarily hold and manipulate information to perform complex tasks like reasoning and learning.
Working Memory
A thinking strategy that may lead to a solution but can also sometimes lead to errors.
Heuristic
This approach to language development suggests that humans are born with an innate, built-in capacity to learn and use language.
Nativist Approach
What is the awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings we experience at a given moment?
Consciousness
This type of learning happens when a new behavior is acquired but not demonstrated until an incentive is provided.
Latent Learning
What is the 3 system approach to memory?
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
What is a rule that, if applied appropriately, guarantees a solution to a problem?
Algorithm
This approach suggests that language is a learned skill, acquired through reinforcement and imitation of others in our environment.
Learning-Theory Approach
These types of drugs influence a person’s emotions, perceptions, and behavior.
Psychoactive drugs
What is the term for learning by observing the behavior of another person?
Observational/Social Learning
What is any smell, sound, place, or feeling that helps us retrieve a memory called?
A cue
This occurs when a person is unable to see a new use for a familiar object because they are stuck thinking only of its typical function.
functional fixedness
This approach emphasizes the crucial role of social interaction and the environment in how a child develops language skills.
Interactionist Approach
This is the cognitive process of focusing on a specific stimulus while ignoring others in the environment.
selective attention
This phenomenon occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, causing the conditioned response to weaken and eventually stop.
extinction
This is the initial process of the memory system, where information is transformed into a form that the brain can process and store.
Encoding
This type of thinking is characterized by the ability to generate unusual but appropriate and multiple solutions to a single problem.
divergent thinking
This is the system of rules that determines how words and phrases are combined to form grammatically correct sentences.
Syntax