Memory
This form of amnesia involves losing memories formed before an injury or event
Retrograde amnesia
This psychologist argued that intelligence includes a general factor, or g, that contributes to performance across different mental tasks
Charles Spearman
A mental shortcut used to make quick judgments rather than systematically testing every possible solution
A heuristic
A child sees a football for the first time after believing that a ball was always spherical. What are they likely to do to their schema?
Accomodation
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
cognition
Remembering the first three items and last three items on a list better than the items in the middle demonstrates this effect.
For double points: What is is called only for the first items? Only for the last items?
Serial position effect
Bonus: Primacy effect and recency effect
This characteristic evaluates whether a test accurately measures a specific trait
Construct validity
You believe that a coin is more likely to land on heads after landing on tails five times. What is this error?
Gambler's fallacy
Jean Piaget would say that your grouping of different dog breeds as one category is called a ---------
concept
This type of test estimates someone's potential for future performance
Aptitude test
Charlotte learns Spanish and then begins to study Swedish. Her more recently learned Swedish vocabulary is making it more difficult for her to remember Spanish vocabulary. What type of interference is this?
Retroactive interference
This theory divides intelligence into analytical, creative, and practical abilities, rather than treating intelligence as one single skill.
Triarchic theory(Robert sternberg)
A hospital describes a procedure as having a 95% survival rate rather than a 5% mortality rate. Patients respond differently despite the statistics being equivalent. What is this bias?
Framing
You think all birds can fly because your mental image of a bird is an eagle, forgetting to include flamingos and penguins. This illustrates the role of what?
Prototype
Even though Mr. Carlson yells at her for it, Fern sits in the same seat every day in AP psych because it helps her to remember the material on test day. Why?
Context-dependent memory
After repeatedly hearing his mother tell an untrue story about his great executive functioning skills, Mr. Carlson begins to incorporate details from this story into his memory. What is this phenomenon?
Misinformation effect
A test produces a similar score when the same person takes it repeatedly, but it does not measure the ability it claims to, which quality does it demonstrate, and which does it lack?
demonstrates reliability, lacks validity
You are unable to open a paint can because you only have a screwdriver and not a can opener. What is this an example of?
Functional fixedness
After visiting several doctors, a student expects every doctor's office to have a waiting room with neutral colored walls and nurses wearing teal scrubs. What mental structure helps the student form these expectations?
Schema
Despite encoding the definition of a mental set properly and repeatedly getting the answer right on the CFUs, when the AP Psych AAQ comes around, the student knows that they have the definition in their mind, but they cannot recall what it is called. What is this Phenomenon.
Retrieval Failure (tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon)
After a motorcycle accident, a patient suffers damage to the hippocampus, but the basal ganglia and cerebellum are left unharmed. What will this patient have difficulty with and what skills will remain intact?
Patient will have difficulty forming new explicit memories, but implicit learning and procedural memory are intact
These 2 psychologists believed humans possess at least eight (or 9) distinct intelligences, or 7 relatively distinct mental abilities as opposed to Charles Spearman's g
Howard Gardner; L.L. Thurstone
After seeing several news stories about burglaries, Gwen believes her home is more likely to be robbed than the statistics suggest. What mental shortcut is Gwen using?
Availability heuristic
This cognitive shortcut relies on judging the likelihood of things based on how well they match a specific prototype or stereotype
Representativeness heuristic
Gwen is very upset during Mr. Carlson's lecture about classical conditioning because her dance teacher yelled at her the night before. The night before the test, Gwen's dance teacher yells at her again, so she is equally as upset that day. Why might Gwen get the question about classical conditioning right on the test?
State-dependent memory