Concepts
The mental representation for each concept is likely to represent an average or ideal for the category’s members.
What is prototype theory?
One way to differentiate between concepts like “Sam has a dog” and “Sam is a dog” is to store information
What is in in propositional networks?
Rules that describe the proper way to speak, or the way language is supposed to be
What are prescriptive rules?
Language determines the types of concepts and thoughts a person can have
What is the Whorfian hypothesis?
Errors in which other knowledge intrudes into the remembered event.
What are intrusion errors?
If asked to name as many birds as they can, participants are most likely to name
What are birds that resemble the prototype?
Within a parallel distributed processing (PDP) model, the term “spreading activation” refers to the fact that
What is activation of one concept will lead to many other nodes that, as a group, represent other concepts?
The rules governing the sequence of words in forming phrases and sentences
What is syntax?
In speaking, the pattern of pauses and the rise and fall of pitch.
What is prosody?
The misinformation effect can usually be understood as an example of this kind of confusion.
What is source confusion?
Most natural level of categorization, which is neither too specific nor too general.
What is a “basic-level category”?
Collins and Quillian proposed that conceptual knowledge is represented in the mind through a hierarchy of concepts. In their model, the property “eats food” would be stored
What is at a high level, linked to the node within the network that represents all things that eat?
The process of “slicing” the stream of speech into successive syllables or words is called
What is speech segmentation?
The smallest units of language that carry meaning.
What are morphemes?
Merlin learned a magic spell (to scare away a dragon) on January 10. He then used that spell on January 18. The 8-day period between these dates is called the ___________.
What is retention interval?
single remembered instance of the category
What is an exemplar?
Suppose that you learn that cones are responsible for color vision. In any of the network models of knowledge, your learning occurs when the two concepts (cones and color vision) become _________.
What is connected more strongly?
Phonemes overlap, both in their production and in their sound pattern.
What is coarticulation?
When the setting in which a sentence occurs can help us understand garden-path sentences.
What is extralinguistic context?
Forgetting is generally ________ over the first few minutes and hours and then ________ over subsequent time periods.
What is fast then slow?
When compared to the statement “A canary is a bird,” the reaction time for “A canary is an animal” will be
What is slower?
It has been suggested that mental categories have a family-resemblance structure, and usually don’t have definitions. What is the basis for this claim?
What is that categorization is usually a matter of degree, not an all-or-none process?
Knowing about how language is ordinarily used
What is pragmatics?
The process of “slicing” the stream of speech into successive syllables or words
What is speech segmentation?
The 3 reasons we may forget something.
What are decay, interference, and retrieval failure?