Models of memory
a memory phenomenon where the first several words on the list are remembered better than words from the middle of the list
What is the Primacy effect
A stable, deeply rooted mental representation that can influence our knowledge, beliefs and expectations
What is a Schema
Models of thinking and decision-making that describe how people actually think and make decisions, taking into account irrational factors.
What are Descriptive models
The theory that views memory to be an active process of recreation of past events as opposed to a passive process of retrieval.
What is Reconstructive memory.
The ability to understand or feel what another person is experiencing; includes both a cognitive component (perspective-taking) and an emotional component.
What is Empathy
a memory phenomenon where the last several words on the list are remembered better than words from the middle of the list.
What is the Recency effect
A process of memory, extracting information from the long-term store when it is needed.
What is Retrieval
Models that focus on observable actions and their predictors.
What are Macro-scale models
Mental shortcuts that people take when there is no time or resources to analyse the situation thoroughly.
What are Heuristics
A special memory mechanism; vivid and highly detailed recollection of the circumstances surrounding witnessing or receiving the news of an unexpected and emotionally arousing event.
What is a Flashbulb Memory
A memory phenomenon where the estimated capacity of short-term memory depends on the length of the words on the list presented to the participants
What is word length effect
Schemas about sequences of actions or events
What are Scripts
Models that focus on the transient process of making a decision (what goes on in a person's mind when he or she is making a decision)
What are Micro-scale models
Systematic deviations from normative models that can result from heuristics.
What are Cognitive biases
Replaying the previously witnessed event in one's own memory
What is Covert Rehearsal
a memory phenomenon where stimuli that have a similar pattern of articulation are more likely to be confused in memory even when they are presented visually
What is the Phonological similarity effect
A reflection of an object or an event in the mind.
What is a Mental Representation
Models of thinking and decision making that describe the rules of rational thinking and decision-making.
What are Normative models.
The tendency to focus on information that supports a pre-existing belief and ignore information that can potentially contradict it.
What is Confirmation Bias
Discussing an event with other people.
What is Overt Rehearsal
A model or theory that inspires new hypotheses in a certain area.
What is the Heuristic model (theory)
A process of memory; transferring information from sensory organs to internal mental structures (such as LTM)
What is Encoding
A choice problem involving choosing between several alternatives (options) each characterized by several attributes (parameters)
What is a Multi-attribute problem
A heuristic of making a choice under risk; describes how the choice depends on whether the problem is formulated (framed) in terms of potential gains or in terms of potential losses.
What is the Framing Effect.
The extent to which an event is perceived as significant to oneself personally; if it is perceived as significant, it arouses an emotional reaction.
What is Personal Conseqeuntiality