Piaget
According to Piaget, this stage is marked by the use of symbols and pretend play.
What is the preoperational stage?
Vygotsky believed cognitive development is shaped primarily by this factor.
What is culture or social interaction?
This type of memory allows infants to recognize familiar faces.
What is recognition memory?
This refers to the ability to understand language.
What is receptive language?
Head Start is a federally funded program designed to prepare children for this.
What is school readiness?
Piaget believed children learn by actively interacting with their environment through this process.
What is assimilation and accommodation?
This term describes the difference between what a child can do alone and with help.
What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
This type of memory involves recalling past experiences.
What is episodic memory?
This refers to the ability to produce spoken language.
What is expressive language?
Head Start primarily serves children from families with this characteristic.
What is low socioeconomic status or low-income families?
This concept explains how children modify existing schemas when new information doesn’t fit.
What is accommodation?
Vygotsky emphasized the role of this person in guiding a child’s learning.
Who is a more knowledgeable other (MKO)?
This memory system briefly holds information being actively used.
What is working memory?
This stage is characterized by one-word utterances.
What is the holophrastic stage?
Head Start programs also emphasize this area of development besides academics.
What is social and emotional development?
According to Piaget, this limitation causes children to focus on only one aspect of a situation
What is centration?
This instructional technique involves gradually reducing assistance as skills improve.
What is scaffolding?
This ability refers to remembering to do something in the future.
What is prospective memory?
Overextension occurs when children use a word too broadly, such as calling all animals this.
What is overextension?
One long-term benefit linked to Head Start participation is improved outcomes in this area.
What is academic achievement (or educational attainment)?
Piaget argued children in this stage can think logically about concrete events but not abstract ideas.
What is the concrete operational stage?
Vygotsky believed private speech serves this purpose in children’s thinking.
What is self-regulation?
This factor significantly improves memory performance in children.
What is strategy use (such as rehearsal or organization)?
This approach suggests children learn language through reinforcement and imitation.
What is behaviorism (or behaviorist theory)?
Research shows Head Start has its strongest effects during this time period.
What is early childhood?