Types 1
The belief that acts will influence unrelated situations.
Magical Thinking
The assumption that emotions reflect the way things really are.
Emotional Reasoning
“I felt awkward during my job interview. I am always so awkward.”
Overgeneralization
“I should always be friendly.”
"Should" Statements
Interpreting the meaning of a situation with little or no evidence.
Jumping to Conclusions
Recognizing only the negative aspects of a situation while ignoring the positive.
Disqualifying the Positive
Thinking in absolutes such as “always”, “never”, or “every”.
All-or-Nothing Thinking
“My mom is always upset. She would be fine if I did more to help her.”
Personalization
Seeing only the worst possible outcomes of a situation.
Catastrophizing
Exaggerating or minimizing the importance of events. One might believe their own achievements are unimportant, or that their mistakes are excessively important.
Magnification and Minimization
“She would not go on a date with me. She probably thinks I’m ugly.”
Mind Reading
"If I don't go everyone will hate me."
Catastrophizing
Interpreting the thoughts and beliefs of others without adequate evidence.
Mind Reading
The belief that things should be a certain way.
"Should" Statements
The belief that one is responsible for events outside of their own control.
Personalization
“I am a good person—bad things shouldn’t happen to me.”
Magical Thinking
“I never do a good enough job on anything.”
All-or-Nothing Thinking
Making broad interpretations from a single or few events.
Overgeneralization
The expectation that a situation will turn out badly without adequate evidence.
Fortune Telling
“I feel like a bad friend, therefore I must be a bad friend.”
Emotional Reasoning
One might receive many compliments on an evaluation, but focus on the single piece of negative feedback.
Disqualifying the Positive