Helpful, structured interaction between an adult and a child with the aim of helping the child achieve a specific goal.
What is scaffolding?
100
Highly detailed, exceptionally vivid ‘snapshot’ of a moment.
What is a flashbulb memory?
100
A mental representation of knowledge through which a person stores concepts and ideas.
What is a schema?
100
Created the Cognitive Development Model.
Who is Jean Piaget?
100
This is the tendency to be interested in relative gains and losses.
What is relative positioning?
200
Vygotsky and Bruner believed children have innate _______
skills that aid language development.
What is prelinguistic?
200
Martinez and Kesner found that this neurotransmitter was linked to memory.
What is acetylcholine?
200
This psychologist found that the rate of forgetting is greatest at first, and it gradually diminishes until a relatively constant level of retained info is reached, known as the Forgetting Curve Theory.
Who is Hermann Ebbinhaus?
200
This researcher proposed the 6 Stages of Moral Development.
Who is Lawrence Kohlberg?
200
This is the tendency for a person to be more likely to accept a bargain with a guaranteed payoff rather than one with a bigger, but uncertain payoff.
What is risk aversion?
300
The difference between what a learner can do with help from that he/she can do without help, coined by Vygotsky.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
300
Elizabeth Loftus showed how the type of verbs used in question can affect memories in this court procedure.
What are eyewitness testimonies?
300
In an experiment by Martinez, rats injected with this chemical took longer to finish the maze, and made more mistakes.
What is scopolamine?
300
These researchers created the Multi-Store Model of Memory in 1968.
Who are Atkinson and Shiffrin?
300
People have a desire to evaluate their beliefs and abilities; when unable to do so, they compare themselves with others.
What is the Social Comparison Theory?
400
Although they performed poorly when given word lists organized by type, Liberian children performed as just as well as American children when the words were presented in this form, in a study by Cole and Scribner.
What is a narrative?
400
Craik and Lockhart's Levels of Processing Theory separated words into three categories, related to how they are remembered.
What are structural, phonetic, and semantic words?
400
People remember items easier when studied a few times over a long time span rather than studying in a short time span.
What is the spacing effect?
400
The creators of Prospect Theory.
Who are Tversky and Kahneman?
400
People try to resolve two opposing views to make them consistent with each other, resulting in irrational behaviour.
What is the Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
500
Rejecting Noam Chomsky's nativist theories of language development, Bruner asserted that language is acquired through meaningful parent-infant interaction, supported by the this innate system in children.
What is the Language Acquisition Support System (LASS)?
500
A person’s memories can be changed by what they are told.
What is the Misinformation Effect?
500
In Martinez's experiment, rats injected with micro-opiods inhibitors took longer to find the hidden platform, as the opiods affected this area of the brain, which controls spatial learning and memory.
What is the hippocampus?
500
Showed rehearsal, not trauma, causes the vividness of flashbulb memories.
Who are Ulric and Neisser?
500
These are the stages of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development.
What is the Sensorimotor stage, Preoperational stage, Concrete Operational stage and Formal Operational stage?